Bangladesh - BD - BGD - BAN - South Asia

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Ambassador Tracey Ann JACOBSEN (since 11 January 2025)

embassy: Madani Avenue, Baridhara, Dhaka - 1212

mailing address: 6120 Dhaka Place, Washington DC  20521-6120

telephone: [880] (2) 5566-2000

FAX: [880] (2) 5566-2907

email address and website:
DhakaACS@state.gov

https://bd.usembassy.gov/

0-14 years: 25.1% (male 21,540,493/female 20,800,712)

15-64 years: 67.1% (male 55,071,592/female 58,180,322)

65 years and over: 7.8% (2024 est.) (male 6,096,167/female 7,007,898)

24 00 N, 90 00 E

at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female

total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

droughts; cyclones; much of the country routinely inundated during the summer monsoon season

slightly larger than Pennsylvania and New Jersey combined; slightly smaller than Iowa

generally 17-21 for voluntary military service; length of service varies by military service  (2024)

The huge delta region at the confluence of the Ganges and Brahmaputra River systems -- now referred to as Bangladesh -- was a loosely incorporated outpost of various empires for much of the first millennium A.D. Muslim conversions and settlement in the region began in the 10th century, primarily from Arab and Persian traders and preachers. Europeans established trading posts in the area in the 16th century. Eventually the area known as Bengal, which is primarily Hindu in the western section and mostly Muslim in the eastern half, became part of British India. After the partition of India in 1947, the Muslim-majority area became East Pakistan. Calls for greater autonomy and animosity between the eastern and western areas of Pakistan led to a Bengali independence movement. That movement, led by the Awami League (AL) and supported by India, won the independence war for Bangladesh in 1971.

The military overthrew the post-independence AL government in 1975, the first of a series of military coups that resulted in a military-backed government and the subsequent creation of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) that took power in 1979. That government also ended in a coup in 1981, followed by military-backed rule until democratic elections were held in 1991. The BNP and AL alternated in power from 1991 to 2008, with the exception of a military-backed, emergency caretaker regime in 2007. The country returned to fully democratic rule in 2008 with the election of the AL and Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA. With the help of international development assistance, Bangladesh is on track to graduate from the UN’s Least Developed Countries (LDC) list in 2026.

The economy has grown at an annual average of about 6.25% for the last two decades. Poverty declined from 11.8 percent in 2010 to 5.0 percent in 2022, based on the international poverty line of $2.15 a day (using 2017 Purchasing Power Parity exchange rate). Moreover, human development outcomes improved along many dimensions.  The country made a rapid recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, but faces several economic challenges.

 

flooding; water pollution, especially of fishing areas, from the use of commercial pesticides; groundwater pollution from naturally occurring arsenic; falling water tables in the northern and central parts of the country; soil degradation and erosion; deforestation; destruction of wetlands; severe overpopulation with noise pollution

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

0.9% of GDP (2024 est.)
1% of GDP (2023 est.)
1.1% of GDP (2022 est.)
1.2% of GDP (2021 est.)
1.3% of GDP (2020 est.)

18.7% (2022 est.)

note: % of population with income below national poverty line

lowest 10%: 3.5% (2022 est.)

highest 10%: 27.4% (2022 est.)

note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

garments, footwear, fabric, textiles, trunks and cases (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

USA 16%, Germany 15%, UK 8%, Spain 7%, Poland 6% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

8 divisions; Barishal, Chattogram, Dhaka, Khulna, Mymensingh, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Sylhet

rice, milk, potatoes, maize, sugarcane, onions, jute, vegetables, mangoes/guavas, tropical fruits (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Armed Forces of Bangladesh (aka Bangladesh Defense Force): Bangladesh Army, Bangladesh Navy, Bangladesh Air Force

Ministry of Home Affairs: Bangladesh Police, Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB), Bangladesh Coast Guard, Rapid Action Battalion (RAB), Ansars, Village Defense Party (VDP) (2025)

note 1: the Armed Forces of Bangladesh are jointly administered by the Ministry of Defense (MOD) and the Armed Forces Division (AFD), both under the Prime Minister's Office; the AFD has ministerial status and parallel functions with MOD; the AFD is a joint coordinating headquarters for the three services and also functions as a joint command center during wartime; to coordinate policy, the prime minister and the president are advised by a six-member board, which includes the three service chiefs of staff, the principal staff officer of the AFD, and the military secretaries to the prime minister and president

note 2: the RAB, Ansars, and VDP are paramilitary organizations for internal security; the RAB is a joint task force comprised of Police, Army, Navy, Air Force, and Border Guards personnel seconded to the RAB; its mandate includes internal security, intelligence gathering related to criminal activities, and government-directed investigations

revenues: $39.849 billion (2021 est.)

expenditures: $34.538 billion (2021 est.)

note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

name: Dhaka

geographic coordinates: 23 43 N, 90 24 E

time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the origins of the name are unclear, but it may be derived from either the dhak tree or Dhakeshwari, a goddess with a shrine in the city

refined petroleum, cotton fabric, natural gas, cotton, fabric (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October)

580 km

history: previous 1935, 1956, 1962 (pre-independence); latest enacted 4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972, suspended March 1982, restored November 1986

amendment process: proposed by the House of the Nation; approval requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the House membership and assent of the president of the republic

taka (BDT) per US dollar -

Exchange rates:
115.801 (2024 est.)
106.309 (2023 est.)
91.745 (2022 est.)
85.084 (2021 est.)
84.871 (2020 est.)

chief of state: President Mohammad Shahabuddin CHUPPI (since 24 April 2023)

head of government: Interim Prime Minister Muhammad YUNUS (since 8 August 2024)

cabinet: Cabinet selected by the prime minister, appointed by the president

election/appointment process: president indirectly elected by the National Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); the president appoints as prime minister the majority party leader in the National Parliament

most recent election date: 13 February 2023

election results: President Mohammad Shahabuddin CHUPPI (AL) elected unopposed by the National Parliament; Sheikh HASINA reappointed prime minister for a fifth term following the 7 January 2024 parliamentary election

expected date of next election: 2028

green field with a large red disk shifted slightly to the hoist side; the red disk represents the rising sun and the sacrifice to achieve independence; the green field symbolizes the lush vegetation of Bangladesh

16 December 1971 (from Pakistan)

cotton, textiles and clothing, jute, tea, paper, cement, fertilizer, sugar, light engineering 

highest court(s): Supreme Court of Bangladesh (organized into the Appellate Division with 7 justices and the High Court Division with 99 justices)

judge selection and term of office: chief justice and justices appointed by the president; justices serve until retirement at age 67

subordinate courts: civil courts include: Assistant Judge's Court; Joint District Judge's Court; Additional District Judge's Court; District Judge's Court; criminal courts include: Court of Sessions; Court of Metropolitan Sessions; Metropolitan Magistrate Courts; Magistrate Court; special courts/tribunals

total: 4,413 km

border countries (2): Burma 271 km; India 4,142 km

agricultural land: 72.4% (2022 est.)

arable land: 60.5% (2022 est.)

permanent crops: 7.2% (2022 est.)

permanent pasture: 4.6% (2022 est.)

forest: 14.5% (2022 est.)

other: 13.2% (2022 est.)

common law, incorporating elements of English common law; since independence, statutory law has been the primary form of legislation; Islamic law applies to Muslims in family and inheritance laws, with Hindu personal law applying to Hindus and Buddhists

expected date of next election: December 2025

note: the Parliament (House of the Nation) was dissolved on 6 August 2024 by President Mohammad Shahabuddin CHUPPI following the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA Wazed on 5 August 2024; new national elections may be held in late 2025 or early 2026

total population: 79% (2022 est.)

male: 81% (2022 est.)

female: 77% (2022 est.)

territorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 18 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: to the outer limits of the continental margin

ADB, ARF, BIMSTEC, C, CD, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSCA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNIFIL, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Independence Day, 26 March (1971); Victory Day, 16 December (1971); note - 26 March 1971 is the date of the Awami League's declaration of an independent Bangladesh, and 16 December (Victory Day) memorializes the military victory over Pakistan and the official creation of the state of Bangladesh

noun: Bangladeshi(s)

adjective: Bangladeshi

natural gas, arable land, timber, coal

most of the country is situated on deltas of large rivers flowing from the Himalayas: the Ganges unites with the Jamuna (main channel of the Brahmaputra) and later joins the Meghna to eventually empty into the Bay of Bengal

one of the fastest growing emerging market economies; strong economic rebound following COVID-19; significant poverty reduction; exports dominated by textile industry; weakened exports and remittances resulted in declining foreign exchange reserves and 2022 IMF loan request

Awami League or AL
Bangladesh Jamaat-i-Islami or JIB
Bangladesh Nationalist Party or BNP
Islami Andolan Bangladesh
Jatiya Party or JP (Ershad faction)
Jatiya Party or JP (Manju faction)
National Socialist Party (Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal) or JSD
Workers Party or WP

 

total: 2,460 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 1,801 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

broad gauge: 659 km (2014) 1.676-m gauge

18 years of age; universal

mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast

parliamentary republic

conventional long form: People's Republic of Bangladesh

conventional short form: Bangladesh

local long form: Gana Prajatantri Bangladesh

local short form: Bangladesh

former: East Bengal, East Pakistan

etymology: the name is a compound of the Bengali words Bangla (Bengali) and desh (country)

Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India

Asia

83,690 sq km (2022)

chief of mission: Ambassador Asad Alam SIAM (since 13 January 2025)

chancery: 3510 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone: [1] (202) 244-0183

FAX: [1] (202) 244-2771

email address and website:
mission.washington@mofa.gov.bd

Embassy of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Washington, DC (mofa.gov.bd)

consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, Miami, New York

percent of population: 45% (2023 est.)

.bd

refugees (country of origin): 976,507 (Burma) (2024)

IDPs: 427,000 (conflict, development, human rights violations, religious persecution, natural disasters) (2022)

stateless persons: 929,606 (2022)

$437.415 billion (2023 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

1.23 trillion cubic meters (2020 est.)

total: 12 years

male: 12 years

female: 13 years (2020)

urban population: 40.5% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 2.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

state-owned Bangladesh Television (BTV) broadcasts nationally; some channels operate via satellite; the government also owns a medium-wave radio channel and some private FM radio news channels; of the 41 approved TV stations, 26 are currently being used to broadcast, and 23 operate under private management via cable distribution

improved:

urban: 99% of population

rural: 98.7% of population

total: 98.9% of population

unimproved:

urban: 1% of population

rural: 1.3% of population

total: 1.1% of population (2020 est.)

name: "Amar Shonar Bangla" (My Golden Bengal)

lyrics/music: Rabindranath TAGORE

note: adopted 1971; Rabindranath TAGORE, a Nobel laureate, also wrote India's national anthem

23.210 million DHAKA (capital), 5.380 million Chittagong, 955,000 Khulna, 962,000 Rajshahi, 964,000 Sylhet, 906,000 Bogra (2023)

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

0.72 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

0.9 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.)

Bengal tiger, water lily

18.6 years (2017/18 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49

62.7% (2019)

household consumption: 68.6% (2023 est.)

government consumption: 5.7% (2023 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 31% (2023 est.)

investment in inventories: 0% (2023 est.)

exports of goods and services: 13.2% (2023 est.)

imports of goods and services: -17.8% (2023 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

total dependency ratio: 49 (2024 est.)

youth dependency ratio: 37.4 (2024 est.)

elderly dependency ratio: 11.6 (2024 est.)

potential support ratio: 8.6 (2024 est.)

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Bangladesh

dual citizenship recognized: yes, but limited to select countries

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

electrification - total population: 99.4% (2022 est.)

electrification - urban areas: 100%

electrification - rural areas: 99.3%

S2

improved:

urban: 85.3% of population

rural: 73.5% of population

total: 78% of population

unimproved:

urban: 14.7% of population

rural: 26.5% of population

total: 22% of population (2020 est.)

Bengali at least 99%, other indigenous ethnic groups 1% (2022 est.)

note: Bangladesh's government recognizes 27 indigenous ethnic groups under the 2010 Cultural Institution for Small Anthropological Groups Act; other sources estimate there are about 75 ethnic groups

Muslim 91%, Hindu 8%, other 1% (2022 est.)

Bangla 98.8% (official, also known as Bengali), other 1.2% (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s):

বিশ্ব ফ্যাক্টবুক, মৌলিক তথ্যের অপরিহার্য উৎস (Bangla)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

China 34%, India 17%, Indonesia 5%, Singapore 5%, Malaysia 4% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

the military’s primary responsibility is external defense but it also has a domestic security role; following widespread domestic protests in September 2024, the Army was given law enforcement powers, including making arrests, conducting searches, and dispersing unlawful assemblies; the military has traditionally been a significant player in the country's politics and has commercial business interests in such areas as banking, food, hotels, manufacturing, real estate, and shipbuilding, and manages government infrastructure and construction projects

the military has a long history of participating in UN peacekeeping missions, which has provided operational experience and a source of funding; it runs an international institute for the training of peacekeepers; the military also conducts multinational and bilateral exercises with foreign partners, particularly India (2025)

highest point: Mowdok Taung 1,060 m

lowest point: Bay of Bengal 0 m

mean elevation: 85 m

2.4% of GDP (2021)

1.2% of national budget (2022 est.)

information varies; approximately 170,000 active Armed Forces (2025)

much of the military's inventory is comprised of Chinese- and Russian-origin equipment; in recent years, China has been the leading provider of arms to Bangladesh (2024)

approximately 1,400 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,650 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO; plus about 200 police); 120 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 100 Mali (MINUSMA; plus about 150 police); 1,600 South Sudan (UNMISS); 500 Sudan (UNISFA) (2024)

note: as of early 2024, Bangladesh had nearly 6,000 total military and police personnel deployed on UN missions

Terrorist group(s): Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami/Bangladesh (HUJI-B); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) in Bangladesh (ISB); al-Qa'ida; al-Qa'ida in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS)

note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

municipal: 3.6 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

industrial: 770 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

agricultural: 31.5 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

municipal solid waste generated annually: 14,778,497 tons (2012 est.)

on food: 52.8% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

on alcohol and tobacco: 2.1% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

particulate matter emissions: 45.99 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

carbon dioxide emissions: 84.25 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions: 59.3 megatons (2020 est.)

total World Heritage Sites: 3 (2 cultural, 1 natural)

selected World Heritage Site locales: Bagerhat Historic Mosque (c); Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur (c); Sundarbans (n)

Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra Basin

Indian Ocean drainage: Brahmaputra (651,335 sq km), Ganges (1,016,124 sq km)

Brahmaputra river mouth (shared with China [s] and India) - 3,969 km; Ganges river mouth (shared with India [s]) - 2,704 km

note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

women married by age 15: 15.5% (2019)

women married by age 18: 51.4% (2019)

production: 767,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

consumption: 14.05 million metric tons (2023 est.)

imports: 13.305 million metric tons (2023 est.)

proven reserves: 3.26 billion metric tons (2023 est.)

fossil fuels: 98.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

solar: 1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

hydroelectricity: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

production: 22.334 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

consumption: 29.119 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

imports: 6.785 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

proven reserves: 126.293 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

total petroleum production: 13,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 263,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

crude oil estimated reserves: 28 million barrels (2021 est.)

1.01 (2024 est.)

80.1% (2023 est.)

5.07% of GDP (2023 est.)
4.67% of GDP (2022 est.)
5.33% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 2 (2025)

has a modest space program focused on designing, building, and operating satellites, particularly those with remote sensing (RS) capabilities; researching a variety of other space-related capabilities and technologies; has a government-owned company for acquiring and operating satellites (Bangladesh Satellite Company Limited or BSCL, established in 2017); has relations with several foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of France, Japan, Russia, and the US (2024)

note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide

Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO; established 1980) (2024)

total ports: 2 (2024)

large: 0

medium: 1

small: 1

very small: 0

ports with oil terminals: 0

key ports: Chittagong, Mongla

the water lily is the national flower and symbolizes promise, aesthetics, and elegance; the water under the lily, the rice sheaves on the sides, and the jute leaves at the top represent the Bangladeshi landscape and economy; the four stars represent the aims and ambition of the nation

green, red

77.355 million (2024 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

total: 11.5% (2024 est.)

male: 13.7% (2024 est.)

female: 9.2% (2024 est.)

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

-2.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

total: 29.6 years (2024 est.)

male: 28.7 years

female: 30.4 years

$58.02 billion (2023 est.)

note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

115 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

$20.225 billion (2024 est.)
$21.86 billion (2023 est.)
$33.747 billion (2022 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

33.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

2.07 children born/woman (2024 est.)

4.7% (2024 est.)
4.5% (2023 est.)
4.6% (2022 est.)

note: % of labor force seeking employment

total: 168,697,184 (2024 est.)

male: 82,708,252

female: 85,988,932

125.956 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke: 26.967 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 42.083 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from consumed natural gas: 56.906 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

total : 148,460 sq km

land: 130,170 sq km

water: 18,290 sq km

7.6% (of GDP) (2021 est.)

note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

$1.413 trillion (2023 est.)
$1.336 trillion (2022 est.)
$1.248 trillion (2021 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

17 (2025)

total: 28.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)

male: 31.3 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 26.3 deaths/1,000 live births

total subscriptions: 191 million (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 105 (2022 est.)

33.4 (2022 est.)

note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

10.5% (2024 est.)
9.9% (2023 est.)
7.7% (2022 est.)

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

-$7.2 billion (2023 est.)
-$17.532 billion (2022 est.)
-$15.775 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

$8,200 (2023 est.)
$7,900 (2022 est.)
$7,400 (2021 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

total: 12.9 million (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 8 (2023 est.)

total: 29.7% (2025 est.)

male: 47.6% (2025 est.)

female: 12.5% (2025 est.)

3.6% (2016)

11.472 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

5.5 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

17.3 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

installed generating capacity: 22.699 million kW (2023 est.)

consumption: 107.285 billion kWh (2023 est.)

imports: 9.407 billion kWh (2023 est.)

transmission/distribution losses: 8.279 billion kWh (2023 est.)

total: 558 (2023)

by type: bulk carrier 68, container ship 10, general cargo 170, oil tanker 162, other 148

22.6% (2019)

$72.996 billion (2023 est.)
$93.457 billion (2022 est.)
$85.299 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

$47.287 billion (2023 est.)
$56.794 billion (2022 est.)
$49.291 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

36 (2025)

total subscriptions: 302,000 (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1

total: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

beer: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

wine: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

spirits: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

total population: 75.2 years (2024 est.)

male: 73.1 years

female: 77.5 years

5.78% (2023 est.)
7.1% (2022 est.)
6.94% (2021 est.)

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

8.37% (2023 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

agriculture: 11% (2023 est.)

industry: 34.6% (2023 est.)

services: 51.1% (2023 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

2% of GDP (2024 est.)

11.6% national budget (2024 est.)

0.89% (2024 est.)