Bolivia - BO - BOL - BOL - South America

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Debra HEVIA (since September 2023)

embassy: Avenida Arce 2780, Casilla 425, La Paz

mailing address: 3220 La Paz Place, Washington DC  20512-3220

telephone: [591] (2) 216-8000

FAX: [591] (2) 216-8111

email address and website:
ConsularLaPazACS@state.gov

https://bo.usembassy.gov/

note: in September 2008, the Bolivian Government expelled the US Ambassador to Bolivia, Philip GOLDBERG, and both countries have yet to reinstate their ambassadors

0-14 years: 28.5% (male 1,792,803/female 1,718,081)

15-64 years: 64.5% (male 4,002,587/female 3,937,953)

65 years and over: 7% (2024 est.) (male 397,384/female 463,166)

17 00 S, 65 00 W

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female

total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

slightly less than three times the size of Montana

compulsory for all men between the ages of 18 and 22; men can volunteer from the age of 16, women from 18; service is for 12 months; Search and Rescue service can be substituted for citizens who have reached the age of compulsory military service; duration of this service is 24 months (2024)

note 1: foreign nationals 18-22 residing in Bolivia may join the armed forces; joining speeds the process of acquiring Bolivian citizenship by naturalization

note 2: as of 2022, women comprised about 8% of the Bolivian military's personnel

Bolivia, named after independence fighter Simón BOLÍVAR, broke away from Spanish rule in 1825. Much of its subsequent history has consisted of a series of coups and countercoups, with the last coup occurring in 1980. Democratic civilian rule was established in 1982, but leaders have faced problems of deep-seated poverty, social unrest, and illegal drug production.

In 2005, Bolivians elected Movement Toward Socialism leader Evo MORALES as president -- by the widest margin of any leader since 1982 -- after he ran on a promise to change the country's traditional political class and empower the poor and indigenous majority. In 2009 and 2014, MORALES easily won reelection, and his party maintained control of the legislative branch. In 2016, MORALES narrowly lost a referendum to approve a constitutional amendment that would have allowed him to compete in the 2019 presidential election. A subsequent Supreme Court ruling stating that term limits violate human rights provided the justification for MORALES to run despite the referendum, but rising violence, pressure from the military, and widespread allegations of electoral fraud ultimately forced him to flee the country. An interim government, led by President Jeanine AÑEZ Chávez, held new elections in 2020, and Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora was elected president.

the clearing of land for agricultural purposes and the international demand for tropical timber are contributing to deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture); desertification; loss of biodiversity; industrial pollution of water supplies used for drinking and irrigation

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands,

signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation

1.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
1.4% of GDP (2021 est.)
1.4% of GDP (2020 est.)
1.4% of GDP (2019 est.)

36.4% (2021 est.)

note: % of population with income below national poverty line

lowest 10%: 1.8% (2021 est.)

highest 10%: 30.3% (2021 est.)

note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

gold, natural gas, precious metal ore, zinc ore, soybean meal (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Brazil 15%, India 13%, China 11%, Argentina 11%, UAE 8% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

9 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija

sugarcane, soybeans, maize, potatoes, sorghum, rice, milk, chicken, plantains, beef (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Bolivian Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas de Bolivia or FAB): Bolivian Army (Ejercito de Boliviano), Bolivian Navy (Armada Boliviana), Bolivian Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Boliviana)

Ministry of Government: National Police (Policía Nacional de Bolivia, PNB) (2025)

note: the PNB is part of the reserves for the Armed Forces; the police and military share responsibility for border enforcement

revenues: $11.796 billion (2019 est.)

expenditures: $14.75 billion (2019 est.)

name: La Paz (administrative capital); Sucre (constitutional [legislative and judicial] capital)

geographic coordinates: 16 30 S, 68 09 W

time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: La Paz is a shortening of the original name of the city, Pueblo Nuevo de Nuestra Señora de La Paz (New Town of Our Lady of Peace); Sucre is named after Antonio José de SUCRE (1795-1830), the second president of Bolivia

note: at approximately 3,630 m above sea level, La Paz's elevation makes it the highest capital city in the world

refined petroleum, cars, pesticides, trucks, plastics (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid

0 km (landlocked)

history: many previous; latest drafted 6 August 2006 to 9 December 2008, approved by referendum 25 January 2009, effective 7 February 2009

amendment process: proposed through public petition by at least 20% of voters or by the Plurinational Legislative Assembly; passage requires approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership of the Assembly and approval in a referendum

bolivianos (BOB) per US dollar -

Exchange rates:
6.91 (2023 est.)
6.91 (2022 est.)
6.91 (2021 est.)
6.91 (2020 est.)
6.91 (2019 est.)

chief of state: President Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora (since 8 November 2020)

head of government: President Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora (since 8 November 2020)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president

elections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot one of 3 ways: candidate wins at least 50% of the vote, or at least 40% of the vote and 10% more than the next highest candidate; otherwise a second round is held and the winner determined by simple majority vote; president and vice president are elected by majority vote to serve a 5-year term; no term limits (changed from two-consecutive-term limit by Constitutional Court in late 2017); election last held on 18 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2025)

election results:
2020: Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora elected president; percent of vote - Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora (MAS) 55.1%; Carlos Diego MESA Gisbert (CC) 28.8%; Luis Fernando CAMACHO Vaca (Creemos) 14%; other 2.1%

2019: Juan Evo MORALES Ayma reelected president; percent of vote - Juan Evo MORALES Ayma (MAS) 61%; Samuel DORIA MEDINA Arana (UN) 24.5%; Jorge QUIROGA Ramirez (POC) 9.1%; other 5.4%; note - MORALES resigned from office on 10 November 2019 over alleged election rigging; resignations of all his constitutionally designated successors followed, including the Vice President, President of the Senate, President of the Chamber of Deputies, and First Vice President of the Senate, leaving the Second Vice President of the Senate, Jeanine ANEZ Chavez, the highest-ranking official still in office; her appointment to the presidency was endorsed by Bolivia's Constitutional Court, and she served as interim president until the 8 November 2020 inauguration of Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora, who won the 18 October 2020 presidential election

note: the president is both chief of state and head of government

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band; red stands for bravery and the blood of national heroes, yellow for the nation's mineral resources, and green for the fertility of the land

note: similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; in 2009, a presidential decree made it mandatory for a so-called wiphala - a square, multi-colored flag representing the country's indigenous peoples - to be used alongside the traditional flag

total: 90,568 km

paved: 9,792 km

unpaved: 80,776 km (2017)

the third-largest source country of cocaine and a major transit country for Peruvian cocaine; coca cultivation in 2021 totaled 39,700 hectares (ha); most  cocaine is exported to other Latin American countries, especially Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina, for domestic consumption, or for onward transit from those countries to West Africa and Europe, not the United States.

 

6 August 1825 (from Spain)

mining, smelting, electricity, petroleum, food and beverages, handicrafts, clothing, jewelry

10,000 km (2012) (commercially navigable almost exclusively in the northern and eastern parts of the country)

highest court(s): Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (consists of 12 judges organized into civil, penal, social, and administrative chambers); Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal (consists of 7 primary and 7 alternate magistrates); Plurinational Electoral Organ (consists of 7 members and 6 alternates); National Agro-Environment Court (consists of 5 primary and 5 alternate judges; Council of the Judiciary (consists of 3 primary and 3 alternate judges)

judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court, Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal, National Agro-Environmental Court, and Council of the Judiciary candidates pre-selected by the Plurinational Legislative Assembly and elected by direct popular vote; judges elected for 6-year terms; Plurinational Electoral Organ judges appointed - 6 by the Legislative Assembly and 1 by the president of the republic; members serve single 6-year terms

subordinate courts: National Electoral Court; District Courts (in each of the 9 administrative departments); agro-environmental lower courts

total: 7,252 km

border countries (5): Argentina 942 km; Brazil 3,403 km; Chile 942 km; Paraguay 753 km; Peru 1,212 km

agricultural land: 35.8% (2022 est.)

arable land: 5.1% (2022 est.)

permanent crops: 0.2% (2022 est.)

permanent pasture: 30.5% (2022 est.)

forest: 46.5% (2022 est.)

other: 17.6% (2022 est.)

civil law system with influences from Roman, Spanish, canon (religious), French, and indigenous law

legislature name: Plurinational Legislative Assembly (Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional)

legislative structure: bicameral

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 92.5%

male: 96.5%

female: 88.6% (2015)

none (landlocked)

CAN, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNAMID, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Independence Day, 6 August (1825)

noun: Bolivian(s)

adjective: Bolivian

lithium, tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber, hydropower

note 1: landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru

note 2: the southern regions of Peru and the extreme northwestern part of Bolivia are considered to be the place of origin for the common potato, while southeast Bolivia and northwest Argentina seem to be the original development site for peanuts

resource-rich economy benefits during commodity booms; has bestowed juridical rights to Mother Earth, impacting extraction industries; increasing Chinese lithium mining trade relations; hard hit by COVID-19; increased fiscal spending amid poverty increases; rampant banking and finance corruption

5,457 km gas, 51 km liquid petroleum gas, 2,511 km oil, 1,627 km refined products (2013)

Community Citizen Alliance or ACC
Front for Victory or FPV
Movement Toward Socialism or MAS
National Unity or UN
Revolutionary Left Front or FRI
Revolutionary Nationalist Movement or MNR
Social Democrat Movement or MDS
Third System Movement or MTS
We Believe or Creemos

note: We Believe or Creemos [Luis Fernando CAMACHO Vaca] is a coalition comprised of several opposition parties that participated in the 2020 election, which includes the Christian Democratic Party (PDC) and Solidarity Civic Unity (UCS)

total: 3,960 km (2019)

narrow gauge: 3,960 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

general assessment: the structure of Bolivia’s fixed telecom market is different from most other countries; local services are primarily provided by 15 telecom cooperatives; these are non-profit-making companies privately owned and controlled by their users; since the market was liberalized, the cooperatives have also provided long-distance telephony, while several also offer broadband and pay TV service; they have invested in network upgrades in a bid to improve services for customers, and to expand their footprints; Bolivia has a multi-carrier system wherein consumers can choose a long-distance carrier for each call by dialing the carrier’s prefix; several operators have also adopted fixed-wireless technologies, and some rent fiber-optic capacity; the fixed broadband services remain expensive, though the cost of bandwidth is only a fraction of what it was only a few years ago; services are still unavailable in many rural and remote areas, and even in some of the major urban areas; being a landlocked country, Bolivia had no direct access to submarine cable networks, and relies on satellite services or terrestrial links across neighboring countries; in September 2020 a new cable running via Peru, has increased capacity and contributed to a dramatic fall in end-user prices; fixed broadband services are fast migrating from DSL to fiber, while there are also cable broadband services available in some major cities; in 2007 the focus was on providing telecom services in rural areas under a project known as ‘Territory with Total Coverage’; this project aims to increase telecom coverage through mobile rather than through fixed networks; Bolivia has almost twenty times as many mobile phone subscribers as fixed line connections, and the trend towards fixed-mobile substitution continues; all the mobile companies offer 3G and LTE services; due to the poor quality, high cost, and poor reach of DSL, mobile networks have become the principal platform for voice services and data access; by early 2021 companies’ networks reached more than 95% of the population; about 92% of all internet accesses are via smartphones (2021)

domestic: 4 per 100 fixed-line, mobile-cellular telephone use expanding rapidly and teledensity stands at 100 per 100 persons; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz, Santa Cruz, and other capital cities (2021)

international: country code - 591; Bolivia has no direct access to submarine cable networks and must therefore connect to the rest of the world either via satellite or through terrestrial links across neighboring countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)

rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano), hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin

presidential republic

conventional long form: Plurinational State of Bolivia

conventional short form: Bolivia

local long form: Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia

local short form: Bolivia

former: Upper Peru

etymology: the country is named in honor of Simón BOLÍVAR, a 19th-century leader in the South American wars for independence

Central South America, southwest of Brazil

South America

2,972 sq km (2017)

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Henry BALDELOMAR CHÁVEZ (since 11 October 2023)

chancery: 3014 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone: [1] (202) 483-4410

FAX: [1] (202) 328-3712

email address and website:
embolivia.wdc@gmail.com

https://www.boliviawdc.org/en-us/

consulate(s) general: Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York

percent of population: 73% (2022 est.)

.bo

$45.135 billion (2023 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Fitch rating: B (2020)

Moody's rating: B2 (2020)

Standard & Poors rating: B+ (2020)

note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.

574 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

urban population: 71.2% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.87% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

large number of radio and TV stations broadcasting with private media outlets dominating; state-owned and private radio and TV stations generally operating freely, although both pro-government and anti-government groups have attacked media outlets in response to their reporting (2019)

improved:

urban: 99.2% of population

rural: 80.2% of population

total: 93.5% of population

unimproved:

urban: 0.8% of population

rural: 19.8% of population

total: 6.5% of population (2020 est.)

name: "Cancion Patriotica" (Patriotic Song)

lyrics/music: Jose Ignacio de SANJINES/Leopoldo Benedetto VINCENTI

note: adopted 1852

1.936 million LA PAZ (capital), 1.820 million Santa Cruz, 1.400 million Cochabamba (2022); 278,000 Sucre (constitutional capital) (2018)

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

1.28 physicians/1,000 population (2021)

1.3 beds/1,000 population (2017)

llama, Andean condor, two national flowers: the cantuta and the patuju; national colors: red, yellow, green

21.1 years (2008 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

66.5% (2016)

household consumption: 68.5% (2023 est.)

government consumption: 19.3% (2023 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 17.5% (2023 est.)

investment in inventories: 0.2% (2023 est.)

exports of goods and services: 25.5% (2023 est.)

imports of goods and services: -30.9% (2023 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

total dependency ratio: 56.3

youth dependency ratio: 48.7

elderly dependency ratio: 12

potential support ratio: 8.3 (2021 est.)

citizenship by birth: yes

citizenship by descent only: yes

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 3 years

a high altitude plain in the west between two cordillera of the Andes, known as the Altiplano, is the focal area for most of the population; a dense settlement pattern is also found in and around the city of Santa Cruz, located on the eastern side of the Andes

electrification - total population: 99.9% (2022 est.)

electrification - urban areas: 100%

electrification - rural areas: 95.6%

number of registered air carriers: 7 (2020)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 39

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 4,122,113 (2018)

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 13.73 million (2018) mt-km

CP

improved:

urban: 97.8% of population

rural: 48.4% of population

total: 83.1% of population

unimproved:

urban: 2.2% of population

rural: 51.6% of population

total: 16.9% of population (2020 est.)

Mestizo (mixed White and Indigenous ancestry) 68%, Indigenous 20%, White 5%, Cholo/Chola 2%, African descent 1%, other 1%, unspecified 3%; 44% other Indigenous group, predominantly Quechua or Aymara (2009 est.)

note: results among surveys vary based on the wording of the ethnicity question and the available response choices; the 2001 national census did not provide "Mestizo" as a response choice, resulting in a much higher proportion of respondents identifying themselves as belonging to one of the available indigenous ethnicity choices; the use of "Mestizo" and "Cholo" varies among response choices in surveys, with surveys using the terms interchangeably, providing one or the other as a response choice, or providing the two as separate response choices

Roman Catholic 65%, Protestant 19.6% (Evangelical (non-specific) 11.9%, Evangelical Baptist 2.1%, Evangelical Pentecostal 1.8%, Evangelical Methodist 0.7%, Adventist 2.8%, Protestant (non-specific) 0.3%), Believer (not belonging to the church) 0.9%, other 4.8%, atheist 1.7%, agnostic 0.6%, none 6.1%, unspecified 1.3% (2023 est.)

Spanish (official) 68.1%, Quechua (official) 17.2%, Aymara (official) 10.5%, Guarani (official) 0.6%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2.1%; note - Spanish and all Indigenous languages are official (2012 est.)

major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

China 22%, Brazil 18%, Chile 13%, USA 7%, Peru 5% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

refugees (country of origin): 16,350 (Venezuela) (2023)

highest point: Nevado Sajama 6,542 m

lowest point: Rio Paraguay 90 m

mean elevation: 1,192 m

8.2% of GDP (2021)

the Bolivian Armed Forces (FAB) are responsible for territorial defense but also have some internal security duties, particularly counternarcotics and border security; the FAB shares responsibility for border enforcement with the National Police (PNB), and it may be called out to assist the PNB with maintaining public order in critical situations

Bolivia has a small naval force for patrolling some 5,000 miles of navigable rivers to combat narcotics trafficking and smuggling, provide disaster relief, and deliver supplies to remote rural areas, as well as for maintaining a presence on Lake Titicaca; the Navy also exists in part to cultivate a maritime tradition and as a reminder of Bolivia’s defeat at the hands of Chile in the War of the Pacific (1879-1883), and its desire to regain access to the Pacific Ocean; every year on 23 March, the Navy participates in parades and government ceremonies commemorating the Día Del Mar (Day of the Sea) holiday that remembers the loss (2024)

approximately 40,000 active-duty military personnel; approximately 40,000 National Police (2023)

the military is equipped with a mix of mostly older Brazilian, Chinese, European, and US equipment (2024)

municipal: 140 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

industrial: 30 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

agricultural: 1.92 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

municipal solid waste generated annually: 2,219,052 tons (2015 est.)

municipal solid waste recycled annually: 268,727 tons (2015 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 12.1% (2015 est.)

on food: 29.3% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

on alcohol and tobacco: 2.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

particulate matter emissions: 25.23 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

carbon dioxide emissions: 21.61 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions: 21.01 megatons (2020 est.)

total World Heritage Sites: 7 (6 cultural, 1 natural)

selected World Heritage Site locales: City of Potosi (c); El Fuerte de Samaipata (c); Historic Sucre (c); Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos (c); Noel Kempff Mercado National Park (n); Tiahuanacu (c); Qhapaq Ñan/Andean Road System (c)

Amazon Basin

Atlantic Ocean drainage: Amazon (6,145,186 sq km), Paraná (2,582,704 sq km)

fresh water lake(s): Lago Titicaca (shared with Peru) - 8,030 sq km

salt water lake(s): Lago Poopo - 1,340 sq km

women married by age 15: 3.4%

women married by age 18: 19.7%

men married by age 18: 5.2% (2016 est.)

consumption: 9,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

imports: 7,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

proven reserves: 1 million metric tons (2023 est.)

fossil fuels: 65% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

solar: 2.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

wind: 3.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

hydroelectricity: 24.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

biomass and waste: 3.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

production: 12.302 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

consumption: 4.025 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

exports: 7.816 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

proven reserves: 302.99 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

total petroleum production: 58,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 100,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

crude oil estimated reserves: 240.9 million barrels (2021 est.)

1.07 (2024 est.)

57.1% (2023 est.)

3.21% of GDP (2023 est.)
3.32% of GDP (2022 est.)
3.51% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

has a small space program focused on acquiring and operating satellites; operates a telecommunications satellite and two ground stations; has cooperated with China and India and member states of the Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency (ALCE) (2024)

note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide

Bolivian Space Agency (la Agencia Boliviana Espacial, ABE; established 2010 as a national public company) (2024)

chamber name: Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados)

number of seats: 130 (all directly elected)

electoral system: mixed system

scope of elections: full renewal

term in office: 5 years

most recent election date: 10/18/2020

parties elected and seats per party: Movement for Socialism (MAS-IPSP) (75); Civic Community (C.C) (39); Creemos (16)

percentage of women in chamber: 46.2%

expected date of next election: October 2025

chamber name: Chamber of Senators (Cámara de Senadores)

number of seats: 36 (all directly elected)

electoral system: proportional representation

scope of elections: full renewal

term in office: 5 years

most recent election date: 10/18/2020

parties elected and seats per party: Movement for Socialism (MAS-IPSP) (21); Civic Community (C.C) (11); Creemos (4)

percentage of women in chamber: 55.6%

expected date of next election: October 2025

6.073 million (2023 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

total: 5.3% (2023 est.)

male: 4.5% (2023 est.)

female: 6.3% (2023 est.)

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

-1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

total: 26.6 years (2024 est.)

male: 26.2 years

female: 27 years

$11.953 billion (2023 est.)

note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

161 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

$1.8 billion (2023 est.)
$3.752 billion (2022 est.)
$4.73 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

49% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and includes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities

2.2 children born/woman (2024 est.)

3.08% (2023 est.)
3.55% (2022 est.)
5.09% (2021 est.)

note: % of labor force seeking employment

total: 12,311,974 (2024 est.)

male: 6,192,774

female: 6,119,200

21.552 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke: 24,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 13.647 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from consumed natural gas: 7.881 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

total : 1,098,581 sq km

land: 1,083,301 sq km

water: 15,280 sq km

39.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

$120.531 billion (2023 est.)
$116.927 billion (2022 est.)
$112.858 billion (2021 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

201 (2025)

total: 22.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)

male: 24.5 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 20 deaths/1,000 live births

total subscriptions: 12 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 100 (2021 est.)

40.9 (2021 est.)

note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

2.58% (2023 est.)
1.75% (2022 est.)
0.74% (2021 est.)

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

-$1.175 billion (2023 est.)
$939.084 million (2022 est.)
$1.581 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

$9,800 (2023 est.)
$9,700 (2022 est.)
$9,500 (2021 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

total: 1.33 million (2022 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2022 est.)

total: 12.7% (2020 est.)

male: 20.5% (2020 est.)

female: 4.8% (2020 est.)

20.2% (2016)

29.34 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

6.6 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

17.6 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

installed generating capacity: 4.375 million kW (2023 est.)

consumption: 10.863 billion kWh (2023 est.)

transmission/distribution losses: 1.079 billion kWh (2023 est.)

total: 50 (2023)

by type: general cargo 30, oil tanker 2, other 18

3.4% (2016)

$12.988 billion (2023 est.)
$13.462 billion (2022 est.)
$10.187 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

$11.905 billion (2023 est.)
$14.465 billion (2022 est.)
$11.594 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

3 (2025)

total subscriptions: 550,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2022 est.)

total: 2.98 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

beer: 2.22 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

wine: 0.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

spirits: 0.54 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

other alcohols: 0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

total population: 72.5 years (2024 est.)

male: 71 years

female: 74 years

3.08% (2023 est.)
3.61% (2022 est.)
6.11% (2021 est.)

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

1.06% (2023 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

agriculture: 13.5% (2023 est.)

industry: 24.2% (2023 est.)

services: 51.1% (2023 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

0.33% of GDP (2018 est.)

0% of GDP (2018 est.)

9.8% of GDP (2020 est.)

1% (2024 est.)