Switzerland - CH - CHE - SUI - Europe

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Bradford BELL (since January 2025) note - also accredited to Liechtenstein

embassy: Sulgeneckstrasse 19, CH-3007 Bern

mailing address: 5110 Bern Place, Washington DC  20521-5110

telephone: [41] (031) 357-70-11

FAX: [41] (031) 357-73-20

email address and website:
https://ch.usembassy.gov/

0-14 years: 15.1% (male 685,221/female 650,802)

15-64 years: 64.6% (male 2,887,767/female 2,834,842)

65 years and over: 20.3% (2024 est.) (male 830,117/female 971,825)

47 00 N, 8 00 E

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female

total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

avalanches, landslides; flash floods

slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey

18-30 years of age for compulsory military service for men; 18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; every Swiss male has to serve at least 245 days in the armed forces; conscripts receive 18 weeks of mandatory training, followed by six 19-day intermittent recalls for training during the next 10 years (2024)

note: conscientious objectors can choose 390 days of community service instead of military service; as of 2023, women comprised about 1% of the active Swiss military

The Swiss Confederation was founded in 1291 as a defensive alliance among three cantons. In succeeding years, other localities joined the original three. The Swiss Confederation secured its independence from the Holy Roman Empire in 1499. A constitution of 1848, which was modified in 1874 to allow voters to introduce referenda on proposed laws, replaced the confederation with a centralized federal government. The major European powers have long honored Switzerland's sovereignty and neutrality, and the country was not involved in either World War. The political and economic integration of Europe over the past half-century, as well as Switzerland's role in many UN and international organizations, has strengthened Switzerland's ties with its neighbors. However, the country did not officially become a UN member until 2002. Switzerland remains active in many UN and international organizations but retains a strong commitment to neutrality.

 

air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from agricultural fertilizers; chemical contaminants and erosion damage the soil and limit productivity; loss of biodiversity

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

0.7% of GDP (2023)
0.7% of GDP (2022)
0.7% of GDP (2021)
0.7% of GDP (2020)
0.7% of GDP (2019)

15.8% (2021 est.)

note: % of population with income below national poverty line

lowest 10%: 3% (2020 est.)

highest 10%: 26.4% (2020 est.)

note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

gold, packaged medicine, vaccines, nitrogen compounds, base metal watches (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Germany 14%, China 12%, USA 11%, Italy 5%, Turkey 5% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

26 cantons (cantons, singular - canton in French; cantoni, singular - cantone in Italian; Kantone, singular - Kanton in German); Aargau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Berne/Bern, Fribourg/Freiburg, Genève (Geneva), Glarus, Graubuenden/Grigioni/Grischun, Jura, Luzern (Lucerne), Neuchatel, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Sankt Gallen, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, Thurgau, Ticino, Uri, Valais/Wallis, Vaud, Zug, Zuerich

note: the canton names are in the official language(s) of the canton with the exception of Geneve and Luzern, where the conventional names (Geneva and Lucerne) have been added in parentheses; 6 of the cantons - Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Nidwalden, Obwalden - are referred to as half cantons because they elect only one member (instead of two) to the Council of States and, in popular referendums where a majority of popular votes and a majority of cantonal votes are required, these 6 cantons only have a half vote

milk, sugar beets, wheat, potatoes, pork, apples, barley, beef, maize, grapes (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Swiss Armed Forces (aka Swiss Army or Schweizer Armee); Army (aka Land Forces), Swiss Air Force  (2025)

note: the federal police maintain internal security and report to the Federal Department of Justice and Police

revenues: $143.411 billion (2022 est.)

expenditures: $136.348 billion (2022 est.)

note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

name: Bern

geographic coordinates: 46 55 N, 7 28 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: the origin of the name is uncertain; it is sometimes associated with the German word Baer (bear), but a more likely origin is an Indo-European root word ber, meaning "marshy place"

gold, packaged medicine, vaccines, cars, jewelry (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers

0 km (landlocked)

history: previous 1848, 1874; latest adopted by referendum 18 April 1999, effective 1 January 2000

amendment process: proposed by the two houses of the Federal Assembly or by petition of at least one hundred thousand voters (called the "federal popular initiative"); passage of proposals requires majority vote in a referendum; following drafting of an amendment by the Assembly, its passage requires approval by majority vote in a referendum and approval by the majority of cantons

Swiss francs (CHF) per US dollar -

Exchange rates:
0.898 (2023 est.)
0.955 (2022 est.)
0.914 (2021 est.)
0.939 (2020 est.)
0.994 (2019 est.)

chief of state: President of the Swiss Confederation Karin KELLER-SUTTER (since 1 January 2025)

head of government: President of the Swiss Confederation Karin KELLER-SUTTER (since 1 January 2025)

cabinet: Federal Council or Bundesrat (in German), Conseil Federal (in French), Consiglio Federale (in Italian) indirectly elected by the Federal Assembly for a 4-year term

elections/appointments: president and vice president elected by the Federal Assembly from among members of the Federal Council for a 1-year, non-consecutive term; election last held on 13 December 2023 (next to be held in December 2024)

election results:
2023:  Viola AMHERD elected president for 2024; Federal Assembly vote - Viola AMHERD (The Center) 158 of 204; Karin Keller-Sutter (FDP.The Liberals) elected vice president for 2024; Federal Assembly vote - 138 of 196

2022:  Alain BERSET elected president for 2023; Federal Assembly vote - Alain BERSET (SP) 140 OF 181; Viola AMHERD elected vice president; Federal assembly vote - 207 of 223

note: the Federal Council, comprised of 7 federal councillors, constitutes the federal government of Switzerland; council members rotate the 1-year term of federal president

red square with a bold, equilateral white cross in the center that does not extend to the edges of the flag; various medieval legends purport to describe the origin of the flag; a white cross used as identification for troops of the Swiss Confederation is first attested at the Battle of Laupen (1339)

note: in 1863, a newly formed international relief organization convening in Geneva, Switzerland sought to come up with an identifying flag or logo; they chose the inverse of the Swiss flag - a red cross on a white field - as their symbol; today that organization is known throughout the world as the International Red Cross

1 August 1291 (founding of the Swiss Confederation)

machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments, tourism, banking, insurance, pharmaceuticals

highest court(s): Federal Supreme Court (consists of 38 justices and 19 deputy justices organized into 7 divisions)

judge selection and term of office: judges elected by the Federal Assembly for 6-year terms; judges are affiliated with political parties and are elected according to linguistic and regional criteria in approximate proportion to party representation in the Federal Assembly

subordinate courts: Federal Criminal Court (established in 2004); Federal Administrative Court (established in 2007)

note: each of Switzerland's 26 cantons has its own courts

total: 1,770 km

border countries (5): Austria 158 km; France 525 km; Italy 698 km; Liechtenstein 41 km; Germany 348 km

agricultural land: 37.9% (2022 est.)

arable land: 10% (2022 est.)

permanent crops: 0.6% (2022 est.)

permanent pasture: 27.2% (2022 est.)

forest: 32.3% (2022 est.)

other: 29.8% (2022 est.)

civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts, except for federal decrees of a general obligatory character

legislature name: Federal Assembly (Bundesversammlung - Assemblée fédérale - Assemblea federale)

legislative structure: bicameral

none (landlocked)

ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EITI (implementing country), ESA, FAO, FATF, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUSCO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNMOGIP, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Founding of the Swiss Confederation in 1291; note - since 1 August 1891 celebrated as Swiss National Day

noun: Swiss (singular and plural)

adjective: Swiss

hydropower potential, timber, salt

landlocked; crossroads of northern and southern Europe; along with southeastern France, northern Italy, and southwestern Austria, has the highest elevations in the Alps

high-income, non-EU European economy; top ten in GDP per capita; renowned banking and financial hub; low unemployment and inflation; slowed GDP growth post-pandemic; highly skilled but aging workforce; key pharmaceutical and precision manufacturing exporter; leader in innovation and competitiveness indices

The Center (Die Mitte, Alleanza del Centro, Le Centre, Allianza dal Center) (merger of the Christian Democratic People's Party and the Conservative Democratic Party)
Evangelical Peoples' Party or EVP/PEV 
Federal Democrats or EDU 
Geneva Citizens Movement or MCR/MCG 
Green Liberal Party (Gruenliberale Partei or GLP, Parti vert liberale or PVL, Partito Verde-Liberale or PVL, Partida Verde Liberale or PVL) 
Green Party (Gruene Partei der Schweiz or Gruene, Parti Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito Ecologista Svizzero or I Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda)
The Liberals or FDP.The Liberals (FDP.Die Liberalen, PLR.Les Liberaux-Radicaux, PLR.I Liberali, Ils Liberals)
Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SP, Parti Socialiste Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS, Partida Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) 
Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union Democratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica di Centro or UDC, Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC) 

total: 5,296 km (2020) 5,296 km electrified; Switzerland remains the only country with a fully electrified network

18 years of age; universal

general assessment: Switzerland has one of the highest broadband penetration rates within Europe, with a focus on services of at least 1Gb/s; this has been supported by sympathetic regulatory measures as well as by cooperative agreements between the main telcos, and with local utilities; fast fiber is complemented by 5G services reaching about 97% of the population by early 2021; together, these networks will soon enable the telcos to provide ultra-fast broadband services nationally, ahead of most other countries in the region; the competitive mobile market is served by three network operators and a small number of MVNOs; 5G services offered by the MNOs offer data rates of up to 2Gb/s, and although various cantons have called a halt to extensions of 5G, citing health concerns, the regulator and environment ministry have put in place measures aimed at ensuring that network roll outs can continue without disruption; with the migration of subscribers to LTE and 5G networks, the MNOs have been able to begin closing down their GSM networks and repurpose physical assets and spectrum; although not a member of the EU, the country’s economic integration has meant that its telecom market deregulation has followed the EU’s liberalization framework, including the recent regulations on international voice roaming; this report presents an analysis of Switzerland’s fixed-line telecom market, including an assessment of network infrastructure (2021)

domestic: fixed-line is 33 per 100 and mobile-cellular subscribership is 120 per 100 persons (2022)

international: country code - 41; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean)

mostly mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest) with a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes

federal republic (formally a confederation)

conventional long form: Swiss Confederation

conventional short form: Switzerland

local long form: Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft (German)/ Confederation Suisse (French)/ Confederazione Svizzera (Italian)/ Confederaziun Svizra (Romansh)

local short form: Schweiz (German)/ Suisse (French)/ Svizzera (Italian)/ Svizra (Romansh)

abbreviation: CH

etymology: name derives from the canton of Schwyz, one of the founding cantons of the Swiss Confederacy formed in the late 13th century

Central Europe, east of France, north of Italy

Europe

494 sq km (2020)

chief of mission: Ambassador Ralph HECKNER (since 18 September 2024)

chancery: 2900 Cathedral Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone: [1] (202) 745-7900

FAX: [1] (202) 387-2564

email address and website:
washington@eda.admin.ch

https://www.eda.admin.ch/washington

consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, New York, San Francisco

consulate(s): Boston

percent of population: 97% (2023 est.)

.ch

refugees (country of origin): 14,726 (Eritrea), 11,441 (Afghanistan), 8,039 (Syria), (mid-year 2022); 65,615 (Ukraine) (as of 5 March 2024)

stateless persons: 891 (2022)

$884.94 billion (2023 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Fitch rating: AAA (2000)

Moody's rating: Aaa (1982)

Standard & Poors rating: AAA (1988)

note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.

53.5 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

total: 17 years

male: 17 years

female: 17 years (2020)

urban population: 74.2% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.79% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

the publicly owned radio and TV broadcaster, Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SRG/SSR), operates 8 national TV networks, 3 broadcasting in German, 3 in French, and 2 in Italian; private commercial TV stations broadcast regionally and locally; TV broadcasts from stations in Germany, Italy, and France are widely available via multi-channel cable and satellite TV services; SRG/SSR operates 17 radio stations that, along with private broadcasters, provide national to local coverage )

(2019)

improved:

urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved:

urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2020 est.)

name: the Swiss anthem has four names: "Schweizerpsalm" [German] "Cantique Suisse" [French] "Salmo svizzero," [Italian] "Psalm svizzer" [Romansch] (Swiss Psalm)

lyrics/music: Leonhard WIDMER [German], Charles CHATELANAT [French], Camillo VALSANGIACOMO [Italian], and Flurin CAMATHIAS [Romansch]/Alberik ZWYSSIG

note: unofficially adopted 1961, officially 1981; the anthem has been popular in a number of Swiss cantons since its composition (in German) in 1841; translated into the other three official languages of the country (French, Italian, and Romansch), it is official in each of those languages

1.432 million Zurich, 441,000 BERN (capital) (2023)

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

4.48 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

4.6 beds/1,000 population (2018)

Swiss cross (white cross on red field, arms equal length); national colors: red, white

31.1 years (2020 est.)

71.6% (2017)

household consumption: 51.6% (2023 est.)

government consumption: 11.4% (2023 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 25.9% (2023 est.)

investment in inventories: -1.4% (2023 est.)

exports of goods and services: 75.3% (2023 est.)

imports of goods and services: -62.9% (2023 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

total dependency ratio: 54.8 (2024 est.)

youth dependency ratio: 23.3 (2024 est.)

elderly dependency ratio: 31.5 (2024 est.)

potential support ratio: 3.2 (2024 est.)

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Switzerland

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 12 years including at least 3 of the last 5 years prior to application

population distribution corresponds to elevation with the northern and western areas far more heavily populated; the higher Alps of the south limit settlement

electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)

HB

improved:

urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved:

urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2020 est.)

Swiss 69.2%, German 4.2%, Italian 3.2%, Portuguese 2.5%, French 2.1%, Kosovan 1.1%, Turkish 1%, other 16.7% (2020 est.)

note: data represent permanent and non-permanent resident population by country of birth

Roman Catholic 34.4%, Protestant 22.5%, other Christian 5.7%, Muslim 5.4%, other 1.5%, none 29.4%, unspecified 1.1% (2020 est.)

German (or Swiss German) (official) 62.1%, French (official) 22.8%, Italian (official) 8%, English 5.7%, Portuguese 3.5%, Albanian 3.3%, Serbo-Croatian 2.3%, Spanish 2.3%, Romansh (official) 0.5%, other 7.9% (2019 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)

The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)

L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

note: shares sum to more than 100% because respondents could indicate more than one main language

Germany 17%, USA 9%, Italy 8%, France 6%, China 5% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

total population: NA

male: NA

female: NA

highest point: Dufourspitze on Monte Rosa 4,634 m

lowest point: Lake Maggiore 195 m

mean elevation: 1,350 m

11.8% of GDP (2021)

the Swiss military is responsible for territorial defense, limited support to international disaster response and peacekeeping, and providing support to civil authorities when their resources are not sufficient to ward off threats to internal security or provide sufficient relief during disasters; Switzerland has long maintained a policy of military neutrality but does periodically participate in EU, NATO, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), and UN military and peacekeeping operations; however, Swiss units will only participate in operations under the mandate of the UN or OSCE; Switzerland joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1996; it has contributed to the NATO-led force in Kosovo (KFOR) since 1999 (2025)

the Swiss Armed Forces have approximately 145,000 service members (2024)

note: the strength figures include professional cadre, people awaiting or participating in mandatory annual training, and people who have already completed their training service obligation

the military's inventory includes a mix of domestically produced and imported European and US weapons systems; the Swiss defense industry produces a range of military land vehicles (2024)

175 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR) (2024)

Terrorist group(s): Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)

note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

municipal: 970 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

industrial: 640 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

agricultural: 160 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

municipal solid waste generated annually: 6.056 million tons (2016 est.)

municipal solid waste recycled annually: 1.938 million tons (2015 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 32% (2015 est.)

on food: 9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

on alcohol and tobacco: 3.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

particulate matter emissions: 8.97 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

carbon dioxide emissions: 34.48 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions: 4.98 megatons (2020 est.)

Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km), (Adriatic Sea) Po (76,997 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Rhone (100,543 sq km)

fresh water lake(s): Lake Constance (shared with Germany and Austria) - 540 sq km; Lake Geneva (shared with France) - 580 sq km

Rhein (Rhine)  river source (shared with Germany, France, and Netherlands [m]) - 1,233 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

total World Heritage Sites: 13 (9 cultural, 4 natural)

selected World Heritage Site locales: Old City of Berne (c); Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch (n); Monte San Giorgio (n); Abbey of St Gall (c); Three Castles, Defensive Wall, and Ramparts of the Market-Town of Bellinzona (c); Rhaetian Railway in the Albula/Bernina Landscapes (c); La Chaux-de-Fonds/Le Locle, Watchmaking Town Planning (c); Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps (c); Benedictine Convent of St John at Müstair (c); Lavaux, Vineyard Terraces (c)

consumption: 126,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

exports: 300 metric tons (2023 est.)

imports: 156,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

fossil fuels: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

nuclear: 34.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

solar: 6.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

wind: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

hydroelectricity: 53% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

biomass and waste: 4.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

consumption: 2.915 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

imports: 2.869 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

total petroleum production: 300 bbl/day (2023 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 194,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)

0.77 (2024 est.)

57.5% (2023 est.)

0.39% of GDP (2023 est.)
0.4% of GDP (2022 est.)
0.39% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 4 (2025)

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 2.97GW (2025 est.)

Percent of total electricity production: 32.4% (2023 est.)

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 2 (2025)

chamber name: National Council (Nationalrat - Conseil national - Consiglio nazionale)

number of seats: 200 (all directly elected)

electoral system: proportional representation

scope of elections: full renewal

term in office: 4 years

most recent election date: 10/22/2023

parties elected and seats per party: Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC) (62); Socialist Party (SP/PS) (41); Centre Party (29); FDP/The Liberals (FDP/PLR) (28); Green Party (GPS/PES) (23); Liberal Green Party (GLP/PVL) (10); Other (7)

percentage of women in chamber: 38.5%

expected date of next election: October 2027

chamber name: Council of States (Ständerat - Conseil des Etats - Consiglio degli Stati)

number of seats: 46 (all directly elected)

electoral system: other systems

scope of elections: full renewal

term in office: 4 years

most recent election date: 10/22/2023

parties elected and seats per party: Centre Party (15); FDP/The Liberals (FDP/PLR) (11); Socialist Party (SP/PS) (9); Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC) (6); Green Party (GPS/PES) (3); Other (2)

percentage of women in chamber: 34.8%

expected date of next election: October 2027

5.012 million (2023 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

total: 8% (2023 est.)

male: 8.3% (2023 est.)

female: 7.7% (2023 est.)

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

5.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

total: 44.2 years (2024 est.)

male: 43.5 years

female: 44.9 years

7 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

$863.892 billion (2023 est.)
$923.628 billion (2022 est.)
$1.11 trillion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

17.8% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

1.59 children born/woman (2024 est.)

4.05% (2023 est.)
4.3% (2022 est.)
5.1% (2021 est.)

note: % of labor force seeking employment

total: 8,860,574 (2024 est.)

male: 4,403,105

female: 4,457,469

33.306 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke: 195,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 27.528 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from consumed natural gas: 5.583 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

total : 41,277 sq km

land: 39,997 sq km

water: 1,280 sq km

9.1% (of GDP) (2022 est.)

note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

$733.779 billion (2023 est.)
$728.562 billion (2022 est.)
$710.319 billion (2021 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

66 (2025)

total: 3 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)

male: 3.4 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births

total subscriptions: 10.9 million (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2022 est.)

33.7 (2020 est.)

note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

2.14% (2023 est.)
2.84% (2022 est.)
0.58% (2021 est.)

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

$58.395 billion (2023 est.)
$77.801 billion (2022 est.)
$55.137 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

$82,600 (2023 est.)
$83,000 (2022 est.)
$81,600 (2021 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

total: 4.33 million (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 49 (2023 est.)

total: 25.5% (2020 est.)

male: 28.1% (2020 est.)

female: 22.9% (2020 est.)

19.5% (2016)

99.578 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

8.5 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

10.1 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

installed generating capacity: 26.502 million kW (2023 est.)

consumption: 55.643 billion kWh (2023 est.)

exports: 33.856 billion kWh (2023 est.)

imports: 27.462 billion kWh (2023 est.)

transmission/distribution losses: 4.81 billion kWh (2023 est.)

total: 17 (2023)

by type: bulk carrier 14, general cargo 1, other 2 (includes Liechtenstein)

NA

$556.351 billion (2023 est.)
$518.002 billion (2022 est.)
$481.607 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

$654.175 billion (2023 est.)
$628.737 billion (2022 est.)
$578.938 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

52 (2025)

total subscriptions: 3.003 million (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 34 (2023 est.)

total: 9.41 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

beer: 3.17 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

wine: 4.35 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

spirits: 1.76 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

other alcohols: 0.12 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

total population: 83.9 years (2024 est.)

male: 82 years

female: 85.8 years

0.72% (2023 est.)
2.57% (2022 est.)
5.39% (2021 est.)

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

-1.66% (2023 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

agriculture: 0.6% (2023 est.)

industry: 24.9% (2023 est.)

services: 71.9% (2023 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

0.01% of GDP (2018 est.)

0% of GDP (2018 est.)

5.2% of GDP (2020 est.)

0.75% (2024 est.)