Algeria - DZ - DZA - ALG - Africa

chief of mission: Ambassador Elizabeth Moore AUBIN (since 9 February 2022)

embassy: 05 Chemin Cheikh Bachir, Ibrahimi, El-Biar 16030, Alger

mailing address: 6030 Algiers Place, Washington DC  20521-6030

telephone: [213] (0) 770-08-2000

FAX: [213] (0) 770-08-2299

email address and website:
algierspd@state.gov

https://dz.usembassy.gov/

0-14 years: 30.8% (male 7,411,337/female 7,062,794)

15-64 years: 62.3% (male 14,846,102/female 14,441,034)

65 years and over: 6.9% (2024 est.) (male 1,597,382/female 1,663,824)

28 00 N, 3 00 E

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female

total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season; droughts

slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas

18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service for men and women; 19-30 years of age for mandatory national service for men (all Algerian men must register at age 17); service obligation reduced from 18 to 12 months in 2014 (2024)

note: conscripts comprise an estimated 70% of the military

Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including the ancient Numidians (3rd century B.C.), Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, over a dozen different Arab and Amazigh dynasties, Spaniards, and Ottoman Turks. Under the Turks, the Barbary pirates operated from North Africa and preyed on shipping, from about 1500 until the French captured Algiers in 1830. The French southward conquest of Algeria proceeded throughout the 19th century and was marked by many atrocities. A bloody eight-year struggle culminated in Algerian independence in 1962.

Algeria's long-dominant political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), was established in 1954 as part of the struggle for independence and has since played a large role in politics, though it is falling out of favor with the youth and current President Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE. The Government of Algeria in 1988 instituted a multi-party system in response to public unrest, but the surprising first-round success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the 1991 legislative election led the Algerian military to intervene and postpone the second round of elections to prevent what the secular elite feared would be an extremist-led government from assuming power. An army crackdown on the FIS escalated into an FIS insurgency and intense violence from 1992-98 that resulted in over 100,000 deaths, many of which were attributed to extremist groups massacring villagers. The government gained the upper hand by the late 1990s, and FIS’s armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in 2000. FIS membership is now illegal.

In 1999, Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA won the presidency with the backing of the military, in an election that was boycotted by several candidates protesting alleged fraud.  He won subsequent elections in 2004, 2009, and 2014. Widespread protests against his decision to seek a fifth term broke out in early 2019. BOUTEFLIKA resigned in April 2019, and in December 2019, Algerians elected former Prime Minister Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE as the country’s new president. A longtime FLN member, TEBBOUNE ran for president as an independent. In 2020, Algeria held a constitutional referendum on governmental reforms, which TEBBOUNE enacted in 2021. Subsequent reforms to the national electoral law introduced open-list voting to curb corruption. The new law also eliminated gender quotas in Parliament, and the 2021 legislative elections saw female representation plummet. The referendum, parliamentary elections, and local elections saw record-low voter turnout.

air pollution in major cities; soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban

9% of GDP (2023 est.)
4.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
5.6% of GDP (2021 est.)
6.7% of GDP (2020 est.)
6% of GDP (2019 est.)

natural gas, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, fertilizers, iron bars (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Italy 29%, France 14%, Spain 13%, USA 6%, Netherlands 4% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

58 provinces (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger (Algiers), Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Beni Abbes, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Badji Mokhtar, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djanet, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Meghaier, El Meniaa, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, In Guezzam, In Salah, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Ouled Djellal, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanrasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Timimoun, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen, Touggourt

potatoes, watermelons, wheat, milk, onions, tomatoes, vegetables, oranges, dates, barley (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Algerian People's National Army (ANP): Land Forces, Naval Forces (includes Coast Guard), Air Forces, Territorial Air Defense Forces, Republican Guard (under ANP but responsible to the President), National Gendarmerie

Ministry of Interior: General Directorate of National Security (national police) (2025)

note: the National Gendarmerie performs police functions outside urban areas under the auspices of the Ministry of National Defense; it is comprised of territorial, intervention/mobile, border guard, railway, riot control, and air support units; General Directorate of National Security share responsibility for maintaining law and order

revenues: $55.185 billion (2019 est.)

expenditures: $64.728 billion (2019 est.)

name: Algiers

geographic coordinates: 36 45 N, 3 03 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: name derives from the Arabic al-jazair, meaning "the islands," and refers to the four islands formerly off the coast of the capital but joined to the mainland since 1525

wheat, plastics, cars, milk, corn (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer

998 km

history: several previous; latest approved by referendum 1 November 2020

amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or through the president with the support of three fourths of the members of both houses of Parliament in joint session; passage requires approval by both houses, approval by referendum, and promulgation by the president; the president can forego a referendum if the Constitutional Council determines the proposed amendment does not conflict with basic constitutional principles; articles including the republican form of government, the integrity and unity of the country, and fundamental citizens’ liberties and rights cannot be amended

Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar -

Exchange rates:
135.843 (2023 est.)
141.995 (2022 est.)
135.064 (2021 est.)
126.777 (2020 est.)
119.354 (2019 est.)

chief of state: President Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE (since 12 December 2019)

head of government: Prime Minister Nadir LARBAOUI (since 11 November 2023)

cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president

elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in two rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 September 2024 (next to be held in 2029); prime minister nominated by the president after consultation with the majority party in Parliament

election results:
2024: Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE (NLF) 94.7%, Abdelaali Hassani CHERIF (MSP) 3.2%, Youcef AOUCHICHE (FFS) 2.2%

2019: (FLN) 58.1%, Abdelkader BENGRINA (El-Bina) 17.4%, Ali BENFLIS (Talaie El Hurriyet) 10.6%, Azzedine MIHOUBI (RND) 7.3%, Abdelaziz BELAID (Future Front) 6.7%

two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the colors represent Islam (green), purity and peace (white), and liberty (red); the crescent and star are also Islamic symbols, but the crescent is more closed than those of other Muslim countries because Algerians believe the long crescent horns bring happiness

total: 112,696 km (2020)

5 July 1962 (from France)

petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing

highest court(s): Supreme Court or Le Cour Suprême, (consists of 150 judges organized into 8 chambers: Civil, Commercial and Maritime, Criminal, House of Offenses and Contraventions, House of Petitions, Land, Personal Status, and Social; Constitutional Council (consists of 12 members including the court chairman and deputy chairman)

judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the High Council of Magistracy, an administrative body presided over by the president of the republic, and includes the republic vice-president and several members; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Council members - 4 appointed by the president of the republic, 2 each by the 2 houses of Parliament, 2 by the Supreme Court, and 2 by the Council of State; Council president and members appointed for single 6-year terms with half the membership renewed every 3 years

subordinate courts: appellate or wilaya courts; first instance or daira tribunals

note: Algeria's judicial system does not include sharia courts

total: 6,734 km

border countries (6): Libya 989 km; Mali 1,359 km; Mauritania 460 km; Morocco 1,941 km; Niger 951 km; Tunisia 1,034 km

agricultural land: 17.3% (2022 est.)

arable land: 3.2% (2022 est.)

permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)

permanent pasture: 13.8% (2022 est.)

forest: 0.8% (2022 est.)

other: 81.8% (2022 est.)

mixed legal system of French civil law and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials including several Supreme Court justices

legislature name: Parliament (Barlaman)

legislative structure: bicameral

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 81.4%

male: 87.4%

female: 75.3% (2018)

territorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 32-52 nm

ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BIS, CAEU, CD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

Independence Day, 5 July (1962); Revolution Day, 1 November (1954)

noun: Algerian(s)

adjective: Algerian

petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc

largest country in Africa but 80% desert; canyons and caves in the southern Hoggar Mountains and in the barren Tassili n'Ajjer area in the southeast of the country contain numerous examples of prehistoric art -- rock paintings and carvings depicting human activities and wild and domestic animals (elephants, giraffes, cattle) -- that date to the African Humid Period, roughly 11,000 to 5,000 years ago, when the region was completely vegetated

suffering oil and gas economy; lack of sector and market diversification; political instability chilling domestic consumption; poor credit access and declines in business confidence; COVID-19 austerity policies; delayed promised socio-economic reforms

2,600 km condensate, 16,415 km gas, 3,447 km liquid petroleum gas, 7,036 km oil, 144 km refined products (2013)

Algerian National Front or FNA
Algerian Popular Movement or MPA
Algeria's Hope Rally or TAJ
Dignity or El Karama
El-Infitah
El Mostakbal (Future Front)
Ennour El Djazairi Party (Algerian Radiance Party) or PED
Equity and Proclamation Party or PEP
Islamic Renaissance Movement or Ennahda Movement
Justice and Development Front or FJD
Movement for National Reform or El Islah
Movement of Society for Peace or MSP
National Construction Movement or El-Bina (Harakat El-Binaa El-Watani)
National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement National Democratique) or RND
National Front for Social Justice or FNJS
National Liberation Front or FLN
National Militancy Front or FMN
National Party for Solidarity and Development or PNSD
National Republican Alliance or ANR
New Dawn Party (El-Fajr El-Jadid)
New Generation (Jil Jadid)
Oath of 1954 or Ahd 54
Party of Justice and Liberty or PLJ
Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD
Socialist Forces Front or FFS
Union for Change and Progress or UCP
Union of Democratic and Social Forces or UFDS
Vanguard of Liberties (Talaie El Hurriyet)
Workers Party or PT
Youth Party or PJ

note: a law banning political parties based on religion was enacted in March 1997

total: 4,020 km (2019)

18 years of age; universal

general assessment: Algeria has a steadily developing telecom infrastructure with growth encouraged by supportive regulatory measures and by government policies aimed at delivering serviceable internet connections across the country; mobile broadband is largely based on 3G and LTE, and the data rates are also low in global terms; LTE is available in all provinces, investment is required from the mobile network operators (MNOs) to improve the quality of service; the state has previously been hesitant to commit to 5G, instead encouraging the MNOs to undertake upgrades to LTE infrastructure before investing in commercial 5G services; in March 2022, the state is in the process of freeing up the requisite spectrum to enable the MNOs to launch 5G services sometime this year; fixed internet speeds remain slow (2022)

domestic: a limited network of fixed-lines with a teledensity of slightly less than 12 telephones per 100 persons has been offset by the rapid increase in mobile-cellular subscribership; mobile-cellular teledensity was approximately 106 telephones per 100 persons in 2020 (2021)

international: country code - 213; ALPAL-2 is a submarine telecommunications cable system in the Mediterranean Sea linking Algeria and the Spanish Balearic island of Majorca; ORVAL is a submarine cable to Spain; landing points for the TE North/TGN-Eurasia/SEACOM/SeaMeWe-4 fiber-optic submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; MED cable connecting Algeria with France; microwave radio relay to Italy, France, Spain, Morocco, and Tunisia; Algeria part of the 4,500 Km terrestrial Trans Sahara Backbone network which connects to other fiber networks in the region; Alcomstat-1 satellite offering  telemedicine network (2020)

mostly high plateau and desert; Atlas Mountains in the far north and Hoggar Mountains in the south; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain

presidential republic

conventional long form: People's Democratic Republic of Algeria

conventional short form: Algeria

local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah

local short form: Al Jaza'ir

etymology: the country name derives from the capital city of Algiers

Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia

Africa

13,819 sq km (2019)

chief of mission: Ambassador Sabri BOUKADOUM (since 27 February 2024)

chancery: 2118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone: [1] (202) 265-2800

FAX: [1] (202) 986-5906

email address and website:
mail@algerianembassy.org

https://www.algerianembassy.org/

consulate(s) general: New York

percent of population: 71% (2022 est.)

.dz

refugees (country of origin): more than 100,000 (Sahrawi, mostly living in Algerian-sponsored camps in the southwestern Algerian town of Tindouf); 7,345 (Syria) (mid-year 2022)

$247.626 billion (2023 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

tier rating: Tier 2 Watch list — Algeria does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so, therefore Algeria was upgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; for more details, go to:  https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/algeria/

note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.

11.67 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Radio Algerienne is the state-run radio broadcast, whereas the National Company of Television (Entreprise Nationale de Télévision (ENTV)) is the primary state-run public broadcasting TV station (2024)

improved:

urban: 99.6% of population

rural: 98.8% of population

total: 99.4% of population

unimproved:

urban: 0.4% of population

rural: 1.2% of population

total: 0.6% of population (2020 est.)

name: "Kassaman" (We Pledge)

lyrics/music: Mufdi ZAKARIAH/Mohamed FAWZI

note: adopted 1962; ZAKARIAH wrote "Kassaman" as a poem while imprisoned in Algiers by French colonial forces

2.902 million ALGIERS (capital), 936,000 Oran (2022)

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

1.9 beds/1,000 population (2015)

five-pointed star between the extended horns of a crescent moon, fennec fox; national colors: green, white, red

53.6% (2018/19)

household consumption: 40.8% (2023 est.)

government consumption: 17.9% (2023 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 32.8% (2023 est.)

investment in inventories: 4.9% (2023 est.)

exports of goods and services: 23.6% (2023 est.)

imports of goods and services: -20.1% (2023 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

total dependency ratio: 58.5

youth dependency ratio: 48.7

elderly dependency ratio: 9.8

potential support ratio: 10.2 (2021 est.)

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: the mother must be a citizen of Algeria

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years

the vast majority of the populace is found in the extreme northern part of the country along the Mediterranean Coast as shown in this population distribution map

electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)

electrification - urban areas: 100%

electrification - rural areas: 99.3%

number of registered air carriers: 3 (2020)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 87

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 6,442,442 (2018)

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 28.28 million (2018) mt-km

7T

improved:

urban: 98.3% of population

rural: 91.3% of population

total: 96.5% of population

unimproved:

urban: 1.7% of population

rural: 8.7% of population

total: 3.5% of population (2020 est.)

Arab-Amazigh 99%, European less than 1%

note: although almost all Algerians are Amazigh in origin and not Arab, only a minority identify themselves as primarily Amazigh, about 15% of the total population; these people live mostly in the mountainous region of Kabylie east of Algiers and in several other communities; the Amazigh are also Muslim but identify with their Amazigh rather than Arab cultural heritage; some Amazigh have long agitated, sometimes violently, for autonomy; the government is unlikely to grant autonomy but has officially recognized Amazigh languages and introduced them into public schools

Muslim (official; predominantly Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Ahmadi Muslim, Shia Muslim, Ibadi Muslim) <1% (2012 est.)

Arabic (official), French (lingua franca), Tamazight (official) (dialects include Kabyle (Taqbaylit), Shawiya (Tacawit), Mzab, Tuareg (Tamahaq))

major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

China 24%, France 12%, Italy 8%, Turkey 7%, Brazil 6% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

the ANP is responsible for external defense but also has some internal security responsibilities; key areas of concern include border and maritime security, terrorism, regional instability, and tensions with Morocco; Algeria supports the pro-independence Polisario Front in Western Sahara and accuses Morocco of supporting the Algerian separatist Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie (MAK); border security and counterterrorism have received additional focus since the Arab Spring events of 2011 and the rise of terrorist threats emanating from Libya and the Sahel; the Army and Ministry of Defense (MND) paramilitary forces of the Gendarmerie and the border guards have beefed up their presence along the frontiers with Tunisia, Libya, Niger, and Mali to interdict and deter cross-border attacks by Islamist militant groups; the ANP and MND paramilitary forces have also increased counterterrorism cooperation with some neighboring countries, particularly Tunisia, including joint operations

the ANP has also played a large role in the country’s politics since independence in 1962, including coups in 1965 and 1991; it was a key backer of BOUTEFLIKA’s election in 1999 and remained a center of power during his 20-year rule; the military was instrumental in BOUTEFLIKA’s resignation in 2019, when it withdrew support and called for him to be removed from office (2024)

highest point: Tahat 2,908 m

lowest point: Chott Melrhir -40 m

mean elevation: 800 m

1.66 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

5.5% of GDP (2021)

approximately 225,000 armed forces personnel (100,000 Army; 15,000 Air Force/Air Defense; 10,000 Navy; 1,000 Republican Guard; 100,000 Gendarmerie) (2024)

the Algerian military has traditionally been armed mostly with Russian and Soviet-era weapons systems and equipment; over the past decade, it has made large investments in acquiring more modern armored vehicles, air defense systems, fighter aircraft, missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles, and warships, largely from Russia, its traditional supplier, but also China and Western European suppliers such as Germany (2024)

Terrorist group(s): al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) – Algeria; al-Mulathamun Battalion (al-Mourabitoun)

note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

particulate matter emissions: 22.68 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

carbon dioxide emissions: 150.01 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions: 49.94 megatons (2020 est.)

municipal: 3.6 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

industrial: 190 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

agricultural: 6.67 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

municipal solid waste generated annually: 12,378,740 tons (2016 est.)

municipal solid waste recycled annually: 990,299 tons (2013 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 8% (2013 est.)

on food: 37.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

on alcohol and tobacco: 1% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Lullemeden-Irhazer Aquifer System, Murzuk-Djado Basin, North Western Sahara Aquifer, Taoudeni-Tanezrouft Basin

total World Heritage Sites: 7 (6 cultural, 1 mixed)

selected World Heritage Site locales: Beni Hammad Fort (c); Djémila (c); Casbah of Algiers (c); M'zab Valley (c); Tassili n'Ajjer (m); Timgad (c); Tipasa (c)

Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km)
Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km)

NA

women married by age 18: 3.8% (2019 est.)

consumption: 3,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

imports: 241,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

proven reserves: 223 million metric tons (2023 est.)

production: 104.896 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

consumption: 52.831 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

exports: 51.566 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

proven reserves: 4.504 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)

total petroleum production: 1.443 million bbl/day (2023 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 446,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

crude oil estimated reserves: 12.2 billion barrels (2021 est.)

fossil fuels: 98.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

solar: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

hydroelectricity: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

1.43 (2024 est.)

56% (2023 est.)

0.75% of GDP (2023 est.)
0.76% of GDP (2022 est.)
0.96% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Algerian Space Agency (Agence Spatiale Algérienne, ASAL; established 2002) (2024)

none; note - in 1947, Algeria began hosting a French military rocket test site, which was the continent of Africa's first rocket launch site; it was called the Centre Interarmées d’Essais d’Engins Spéciaux (CIEES or Interarmy Special Vehicles Test Center) and was in service until 1967

has a national space policy and a national space research program with stated goals of supporting internal development, managing resource usage, mastering space technology, and reinforcing national sovereignty; builds and operates communications and remote sensing (RS) satellites; researching and developing a range of space-related capabilities, including satellites and satellite payloads, communications, RS, instrumentation, satellite image processing, and geo-spatial information; has bilateral relationships with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Argentina, China, France, Germany, India, Russia, Ukraine, and the UK; also a member of the Arab Space Coordination Group, established by the UAE in 2019 (2024)

note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide

total ports: 17 (2024)

large: 2

medium: 1

small: 6

very small: 8

ports with oil terminals: 3

key ports: Alger, Annaba, Arzew, Arzew El Djedid, Bejaia, Mers El Kebir, Oran, Port Methanier, Skikda

chamber name: National People's Assembly (Al-Majlis Al-Chaabi Al-Watani)

number of seats: 407 (all directly elected)

electoral system: proportional representation

scope of elections: full renewal

term in office: 5 years

most recent election date: 6/12/2021

parties elected and seats per party: National Liberation Front (FLN) (98); Movement of Society for Peace (MSP) (65); National Democratic Rally (RND) (58); El-Moustakbel Front (Future", FM) (48); El Binaa Movement (39); Independents (84); Other (15)

percentage of women in chamber: 7.9%

expected date of next election: June 2026

chamber name: Council of the Nation (Majlis al-Oumma)

number of seats: 174 (116 indirectly elected; 58 appointed)

electoral system: plurality/majority

scope of elections: partial renewal

term in office: 6 years

most recent election date: 3/9/2025

percentage of women in chamber: 4.1%

expected date of next election: January 2028

13.552 million (2023 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

total: 30.8% (2023 est.)

male: 27.4% (2023 est.)

female: 46% (2023 est.)

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

-0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

total: 29.1 years (2024 est.)

male: 28.8 years

female: 29.4 years

$4.839 billion (2023 est.)

note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

78 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

$81.217 billion (2023 est.)
$71.852 billion (2022 est.)
$56.211 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

27.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt

2.94 children born/woman (2024 est.)

11.81% (2023 est.)
12.44% (2022 est.)
13.61% (2021 est.)

note: % of labor force seeking employment

total: 47,022,473 (2024 est.)

male: 23,854,821

female: 23,167,652

163.661 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke: 741,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 57.795 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from consumed natural gas: 105.125 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

total : 2,381,740 sq km

land: 2,381,740 sq km

water: 0 sq km

32.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

$699.818 billion (2023 est.)
$672.256 billion (2022 est.)
$648.896 billion (2021 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

95 (2025)

total: 18.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)

male: 19.8 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 17.5 deaths/1,000 live births

total subscriptions: 51.5 million (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 109 (2022 est.)

9.32% (2023 est.)
9.27% (2022 est.)
7.23% (2021 est.)

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

$5.424 billion (2023 est.)
$19.448 billion (2022 est.)
-$4.51 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

$15,200 (2023 est.)
$14,800 (2022 est.)
$14,500 (2021 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

total: 5.54 million (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 12 (2023 est.)

total: 21% (2020 est.)

male: 41.3% (2020 est.)

female: 0.7% (2020 est.)

27.4% (2016)

61.843 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

4.4 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

20.2 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

installed generating capacity: 22.591 million kW (2023 est.)

consumption: 85.687 billion kWh (2023 est.)

exports: 2.753 billion kWh (2023 est.)

imports: 475.8 million kWh (2023 est.)

transmission/distribution losses: 9.237 billion kWh (2023 est.)

total: 119 (2022)

by type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 4, general cargo 11, oil tanker 14, other 89

2.7% (2018/19)

$51.516 billion (2023 est.)
$46.63 billion (2022 est.)
$44.297 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

$58.816 billion (2023 est.)
$69.242 billion (2022 est.)
$41.851 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

11 (2025)

total subscriptions: 6.324 million (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 14 (2023 est.)

total: 0.59 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

beer: 0.31 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

wine: 0.2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

spirits: 0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

total population: 77.9 years (2024 est.)

male: 77.2 years

female: 78.7 years

4.1% (2023 est.)
3.6% (2022 est.)
3.8% (2021 est.)

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

3.88% (2023 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

agriculture: 13.1% (2023 est.)

industry: 37.8% (2023 est.)

services: 45.6% (2023 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

0.1% of GDP (2018 est.)

0% of GDP (2018 est.)

7% of GDP (2020 est.)

1.54% (2024 est.)