Falkland Islands - FK - FLK - South America

overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina

embassy: none (administered by the UK; claimed by Argentina)

51 45 S, 59 00 W

total population: 1.12 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

strong winds persist throughout the year

slightly smaller than Connecticut

Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later, and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands in 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force and after fierce fighting forced an Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982. With hostilities ended and Argentine forces withdrawn, UK administration resumed. In response to renewed calls from Argentina for Britain to relinquish control of the islands, a referendum was held in 2013 that resulted in 99.8% of the population voting to remain a part of the UK.

overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer - introduced to the islands in 2001 from South Georgia - are part of a farming effort to produce specialty meat and diversify the islands' economy; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the 1986 Chornobyl disaster; grazing threatens important habitats including tussac grass and its ecosystem with penguins and sea lions; soil erosion from fires

shellfish, fish, wool, sheep and goat meat (2023)

note: top export commodities based on value in dollars over $500,000

Spain 68%, Morocco 10%, USA 8%, Namibia 3%, Germany 2% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

none (administered by the UK; claimed by Argentina)

fodder and vegetable crops; venison, sheep, dairy products; fish, squid

no regular military forces

name: Stanley

geographic coordinates: 51 42 S, 57 51 W

time difference: UTC-3 (2 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: named after Edward SMITH-STANLEY (1799-1869), the 14th Earl of Derby, a British statesman and three-time prime minister of the UK who never visited the islands

refined petroleum, aircraft parts, prefabricated buildings, plastic products, surveying equipment (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 60 cm in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but typically does not accumulate

1,288 km

history: previous 1985; latest entered into force 1 January 2009 (The Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008)

Falkland pounds (FKP) per US dollar -

Exchange rates:
0.805 (2023 est.)
0.811 (2022 est.)
0.727 (2021)
0.78 (2020 est.)
0.783 (2019 est.)

chief of state: King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor Alison BLAKE (since 23 July 2022)

head of government: Chief Executive Andy KEELING (since April 2021)

cabinet: Executive Council elected by the Legislative Council

elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; chief executive appointed by the governor

blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising was once the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT

none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)

fish and wool processing; tourism

highest court(s): Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, the chief justice as an ex officio non-resident member, and 2 justices of appeal); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice)

judge selection and term of office: chief justice, court of appeal president, and justices appointed by the governor; tenure specified in each justice's instrument of appointment

subordinate courts: Magistrate's Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction

note: appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)

total: 0 km

agricultural land: 93.5% (2022 est.)

agricultural land: arable land: 0% (2022 est.)

agricultural land: permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)

agricultural land: permanent pasture: 93.5% (2022 est.)

forest: 0% (2022 est.)

other: 6.5% (2022 est.)

English common law and local statutes

legislature name: Legislative Assembly

legislative structure: unicameral

number of seats: 10 (8 directly elected, 2 appointed)

electoral system: plurality/majority

scope of elections: full renewal

term in office: 4 years

most recent election date: 11/4/2021

percentage of women in chamber: 25% note: does not include the speaker

expected date of next election: November 2025

territorial sea: 12 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

UPU

Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)

noun: Falkland Islander(s)

adjective: Falkland Island

fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss

deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season

British South American territorial economy; longstanding fishing industry; surging tourism prior to COVID-19 and Brexit; recent offshore hydrocarbon discoveries threaten ecotourism industries; no central bank and must have British approval on currency shifts

none; all independents

18 years of age; universal

general assessment: the replacement of the rural internet and phone system was delayed due to COVID; upgrades started at the end of 2019, this included the replacement of all Multi Service Access Nodes (MSANs), the technology used to connect larger settlements; in early 2020 a new system to replace the WiMAX system (the technology used to connect smaller settlements and households) had been delayed as well due to COVID-19; once the equipment is received it will be installed in the largest base stations on East Falklands: Malo, Bombilla, and Mt Pleasant peak


“We also have MSAN equipment and radio links due to arrive towards the end of this month, and these and will be installed at Chartres, New Island, Sea Lion Island, Onion Range, Sand Bay, and Mare Harbour enabling us to migrate additional customers from the existing WiMAX network and also releasing equipment for spares.” (2020)

domestic: fixed-line subscriptions approximately 53 per 100, 160 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2021)

international: country code - 500; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries (2015)

rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains

parliamentary democracy (Legislative Assembly); self-governing overseas territory of the UK

defense is the responsibility of the UK, which maintains a military presence on the islands

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

etymology: the archipelago takes its name from the Falkland Sound, the strait separating the two main islands; the channel itself was named after the Viscount of FALKLAND, who sponsored an expedition to the islands in 1690; the Spanish name for the archipelago derives from the French "Iles Malouines," meaning Islands of Malo, the name applied to the islands by French explorer Louis-Antoine de BOUGAINVILLE in 1764 after the port of Saint-Malo

Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about 500 km east of southern Argentina

South America

NA

none (administered by the UK; claimed by Argentina)

percent of population: 99% (2021 est.)

.fk

$206.4 million (2015 est.)

urban population: 79.7% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.53% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

TV service provided by a multi-channel service provider; radio services provided by the public broadcaster, Falkland Islands Radio Service, broadcasting on both AM and FM frequencies, and by the British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) (2007)

name: "Song of the Falklands"

lyrics/music: Christopher LANHAM

note: adopted 1930s; the song is the local unofficial anthem; as a territory of the United Kingdom, "God Save the King" is official (see United Kingdom)

2,000 STANLEY (capital) (2018)

ram

see United Kingdom

a very small population, with most residents living in and around Stanley

number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 5

VP-F

Falkland Islander 48.3%, British 23.1%, St. Helenian 7.5%, Chilean 4.6%, mixed 6%, other 8.5%, unspecified 2% (2016 est.)

note: data represent population by national identity

Christian 57.1%, other 1.6%, none 35.4%, unspecified 6% (2016 est.)

English 89%, Spanish 7.7%, other 3.3% (2006 est.)

UK 68%, Greece 19%, Spain 11%, Netherlands 1%, NZ 0% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

total dependency ratio: 39.8

youth dependency ratio: 24.8

elderly dependency ratio: 14.9

potential support ratio: 6.7 (2021)

improved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 78.2% of population

total: 95.3% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 21.8% of population

total: 4.7% of population (2020)

improved: urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved: urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2020)

fossil fuels: 67.9% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

wind: 32.1% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 300 bbl/day (2022 est.)

44.8% (2023 est.)

total ports: 1 (2024)

large: 0

medium: 1

small: 0

very small: 0

ports with oil terminals: 1

key ports: Stanley

1,850 (2016 est.)

0% of GDP (2015 est.)

1% (2016 est.)

total: 3,662 (2021 est.)

note: data include all persons usually resident in the islands at the time of the 2021 census

38,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 38,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

total : 12,173 sq km

land: 12,173 sq km

water: 0 sq km

note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands

$206.4 million (2015 est.)
$164.5 million (2014 est.)

total: 440 km

paved: 50 km

unpaved: 390 km (2008)

34 (2024)

total subscriptions: 6,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 160 (2021 est.)

36 (2015)

1.4% (2014 est.)

$70,800 (2015 est.)
$63,000 (2014 est.)

total: 1,000 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2020 est.)

(2019 est.)

4.9 deaths/1,000 population (2012 est.)

10.9 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)

installed generating capacity: 10,000 kW (2022 est.)

consumption: 19.957 million kWh (2022 est.)

transmission/distribution losses: 900,000 kWh (2022 est.)

total: 2 (2023)

by type: general cargo 1, other 1

$257.3 million (2015 est.)

total subscriptions: 2,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 53 (2021 est.)

total population: (2017 est.) 77.9

male: 75.6

female: 79.6

25.5% (2015 est.)
-1.8% (2014 est.)

agriculture: 41% (2015 est.)

industry: 20.6% (2015 est.)

services: 38.4% (2015 est.)

0.01% (2014 est.)