Norway - NO - NOR - NOR - Europe

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Eric MEYER (since August 2024)

embassy: Morgedalsvegen 36, 0378 Oslo

mailing address: 5460 Oslo Place, Washington DC  20521-5460

telephone: [47] 21-30-85-40

FAX: [47] 22-56-27-51

email address and website:
OsloACS@state.gov

https://no.usembassy.gov/

0-14 years: 16.3% (male 461,979/female 438,243)

15-64 years: 64.5% (male 1,820,692/female 1,734,818)

65 years and over: 19.1% (2024 est.) (male 498,301/female 555,700)

62 00 N, 10 00 E

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female

total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

slightly larger than twice the size of Georgia; slightly larger than New Mexico

19-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service for men and women; 17 years of age for male volunteers; 18 years of age for women volunteers; 12-19 month service obligation; conscripts first serve 12 months between the ages of 19 and 28, and then up to 4-5 refresher training periods until age 35, 44, 55, or 60 depending on rank and function (2024)

note 1: Norway has had compulsory military service since 1907; individuals conscripted each year are selected from a larger cohort who are evaluated through online assessments and physical tests

note 2: Norway was the first NATO country to allow women to serve in all combat arms branches of the military (1985); it also has an all-female special operations unit known as Jegertroppen (The Hunter Troop), which was established in 2014; as of 2023, women comprised about 20% of the military's full-time personnel

note 3: beginning in 1995, the military began offering Icelandic citizens the opportunity to apply for admission to officer schools in Norway with an associated education and service contract under special reasons and based on recommendations from Icelandic authorities; as early as 1996, Norway and Iceland entered into a cooperation agreement on the voluntary participation of Icelandic personnel in Norwegian force contributions in foreign operations

Two centuries of Viking raids into Europe tapered off after King Olav TRYGGVASON adopted Christianity in 994; conversion of the Norwegian kingdom occurred over the next several decades. In 1397, Norway was absorbed into a union with Denmark that lasted more than four centuries. In 1814, Norwegians resisted the cession of their country to Sweden and adopted a new constitution. Sweden then invaded Norway but agreed to let Norway keep its constitution in return for accepting the union under a Swedish king. Rising nationalism throughout the 19th century led to a 1905 referendum granting Norway independence. Norway remained neutral in World War I and proclaimed its neutrality at the outset of World War II, but Nazi Germany nonetheless occupied the country for five years (1940-45). In 1949, Norway abandoned neutrality and became a member of NATO. Discovery of oil and gas in adjacent waters in the late 1960s boosted Norway's economic fortunes. In referenda held in 1972 and 1994, Norway rejected joining the EU. Key domestic issues include immigration and integration of ethnic minorities, maintaining the country's extensive social safety net with an aging population, and preserving economic competitiveness.

water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and adversely affecting lakes, threatening fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle emissions

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

2.2% of GDP (2024 est.)
1.8% of GDP (2023)
1.5% of GDP (2022)
1.7% of GDP (2021)
2% of GDP (2020)

12.2% (2021 est.)

note: % of population with income below national poverty line

lowest 10%: 3.4% (2019 est.)

highest 10%: 22.4% (2019 est.)

note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

natural gas, crude petroleum, fish, refined petroleum, aluminum (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Germany 18%, UK 17%, Sweden 9%, Denmark 7%, Netherlands 6% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

12 counties (fylker, singular - fylke); Agder, Innlandet, More og Romsdal, Nordland, Oslo, Rogaland, Romsdal, Troms og Finnmark, Trondelag, Vestfold og Telemark, Vestland, Viken (2024)

milk, barley, potatoes, oats, wheat, pork, chicken, beef, eggs, carrots/turnips (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Norwegian Armed Forces (Forsvaret or "the Defense"): Norwegian Army (Haeren), Royal Norwegian Navy (Kongelige Norske Sjoeforsvaret; includes Coastal Rangers and Coast Guard (Kystvakt)), Royal Norwegian Air Force (Kongelige Norske Luftforsvaret), Home Guard (Heimevernet, HV) (2025)

note: the Norwegian Police Service is under the Ministry of Justice and Public Security

revenues: $334.543 billion (2022 est.)

expenditures: $174.546 billion (2022 est.)

note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

name: Oslo

geographic coordinates: 59 55 N, 10 45 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: the medieval name was spelt "Aslo"; the as component refered either to the Ekeberg ridge southeast of the town ("as" in modern Norwegian), or to the Aesir (Norse gods); lo refered to "meadow," so the most likely interpretations would have been either "the meadow beneath the ridge" or "the meadow of the gods"; both explanations are considered equally plausible

cars, refined petroleum, ships, nickel, garments (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast

25,148 km (includes mainland 2,650 km, as well as long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations 22,498 km; length of island coastlines 58,133 km)

history: drafted spring 1814, adopted 16 May 1814, signed by Constituent Assembly 17 May 1814

amendment process: proposals submitted by members of Parliament or by the government within the first three years of Parliament's four-year term; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of a two-thirds quorum in the next elected Parliament

Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard (3)

Norwegian kroner (NOK) per US dollar -

Exchange rates:
10.563 (2023 est.)
9.614 (2022 est.)
8.59 (2021 est.)
9.416 (2020 est.)
8.8 (2019 est.)

chief of state: King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991)

head of government: Prime Minister Jonas Gahr STORE (since 14 October 2021)

cabinet: Council of State appointed by the monarch, approved by Parliament

elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; following parliamentary elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch with the approval of the parliament

red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the colors recall Norway's past political unions with Denmark (red and white) and Sweden (blue)

total: 95,120 km (2022)

7 June 1905 (union with Sweden declared dissolved); 26 October 1905 (Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union); notable earlier dates: ca. 872 (traditional unification of petty Norwegian kingdoms by HARALD Fairhair); 1397 (Kalmar Union of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden); 1524 (Denmark-Norway); 17 May 1814 (Norwegian constitution adopted); 4 November 1814 (Sweden-Norway union confirmed)

petroleum and gas, shipping, fishing, aquaculture, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles

1,577 km (2010)

highest court(s): Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (consists of the chief justice and 18 associate justices)

judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the monarch (King in Council) on the recommendation of the Judicial Appointments Board; justices can serve until mandatory retirement at age 70

subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal or Lagmennsrett; regional and district courts; Conciliation Boards; ordinary and special courts

note: in addition to professionally trained judges, elected lay judges sit on the bench with professional judges in the Courts of Appeal and district courts

total: 2,566 km

border countries (3): Finland 709 km; Sweden 1,666 km; Russia 191 km

agricultural land: 2.7% (2022 est.)

arable land: 2.2% (2022 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)

permanent pasture: 0.5% (2022 est.)

forest: 33.5% (2022 est.)

other: 63.8% (2022 est.)

mixed legal system of civil, common, and customary law; Supreme Court can advise on legislative acts

legislature name: Parliament (Stortinget)

legislative structure: unicameral

number of seats: 169 (all directly elected)

electoral system: proportional representation

scope of elections: full renewal

term in office: 4 years

most recent election date: 9/13/2021

parties elected and seats per party: Labour Party (48); Conservative Party (36); Center Party (28); Progress Party (21); Socialist Left Party (13); Other (23)

percentage of women in chamber: 44.4%

expected date of next election: September 2025

territorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 10 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm

ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EITI (implementing country), ESA, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Constitution Day, 17 May (1814)

noun: Norwegian(s)

adjective: Norwegian

petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, titanium, pyrites, nickel, fish, timber, hydropower

about two-thirds mountains; some 50,000 islands off its much-indented coastline; strategic location adjacent to sea lanes and air routes in North Atlantic; one of the most rugged and longest coastlines in the world

high-income, non-EU economy with trade links via European Economic Area (EEA); key European energy security role as leader in oil, gas, and electricity exports; major fishing, forestry, and extraction industries; oil sovereign fund supports generous welfare system; low unemployment; inflation and response hampering growth in non-energy sectors

8,520 km gas, 1,304 km oil/condensate (2017)

total: 3,848 km (2020) 2,482 km electrified

18 years of age; universal

general assessment: Norway has a sophisticated telecom market with high broadband and mobile penetration rates and a highly developed digital media sector. Although not a member of the European Union, the country’s telecoms sector is synchronized with relevant EC legislation; Norway enjoys near comprehensive LTE coverage with upgrades to 5G technologies in the future (2023)

domestic: fixed-line is 7 per 100 and mobile-cellular nearly 110 per 100 (2021)

international: country code - 47; landing points for the Svalbard Undersea Cable System, Polar Circle Cable, Bodo-Rost Cable, NOR5KE Viking, Celtic Norse, Tempnet Offshore FOC Network, England Cable, Denmark-Norwary6, Havfrue/AEC-2, Skagerrak 4, and the Skagenfiber West & East submarine cables providing links to other Nordic countries, Europe and the US; satellite earth stations - Eutelsat, Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Norway shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Sweden) (2019)

glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north

parliamentary constitutional monarchy

conventional long form: Kingdom of Norway

conventional short form: Norway

local long form: Kongeriket Norge

local short form: Norge

etymology: derives from the Old Norse words norre and vegr, meaning "northern way," and refers to the long coastline of western Norway

Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden

Europe

337 sq km (2016)

chief of mission: Ambassador Anniken Scharning HUITFELDT (since 18 September 2024)

chancery: 2720 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone: [1] (202) 333-6000

FAX: [1] (202) 469-3990

email address and website:
emb.washington@mfa.no

https://www.norway.no/en/usa/

consulate(s) general: New York, San Francisco

percent of population: 99% (2023 est.)

.no

refugees (country of origin): 15,901 (Syria), 10,883 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2022); 70,085 (Ukraine) (as of 8 March 2024)

stateless persons: 3,901 (2022)

$485.311 billion (2023 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Fitch rating: AAA (1995)

Moody's rating: Aaa (1997)

Standard & Poors rating: AAA (1975)

note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.

393 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

total: 18 years

male: 18 years

female: 19 years (2020)

urban population: 84% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands

state-owned public radio-TV broadcaster operates 3 nationwide TV stations, 3 nationwide radio stations, and 16 regional radio stations; roughly a dozen privately owned TV stations broadcast nationally and roughly another 25 local TV stations broadcasting; nearly 75% of households have access to multi-channel cable or satellite TV; 2 privately owned radio stations broadcast nationwide and another 240 stations operate locally; Norway is the first country in the world to phase out FM radio in favor of Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), a process scheduled for completion in late 2017 (2019)

improved:

urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved:

urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2020 est.)

name: "Ja, vi elsker dette landet" (Yes, We Love This Country)

lyrics/music: lyrics/music: Bjornstjerne BJORNSON/Rikard NORDRAAK

note: adopted 1864; in addition to the national anthem, "Kongesangen" (Song of the King), which uses the tune of "God Save the King," serves as the royal anthem

1.086 million OSLO (capital) (2023)

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

4.98 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

3.5 beds/1,000 population (2018)

lion; national colors: red, white, blue

29.8 years (2020 est.)

note: data is calculated based on actual age at first births

household consumption: 37.5% (2023 est.)

government consumption: 21.9% (2023 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 23.3% (2023 est.)

investment in inventories: 2.5% (2023 est.)

exports of goods and services: 47.2% (2023 est.)

imports of goods and services: -32.5% (2023 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

total dependency ratio: 54

youth dependency ratio: 26.1

elderly dependency ratio: 27.9

potential support ratio: 3.6 (2021 est.)

note: data include Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Norway

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years

most Norwegians live in the south where the climate is milder and there is better connectivity to mainland Europe; population clusters are found all along the North Sea coast in the southwest, and Skaggerak in the southeast; the interior areas of the north remain sparsely populated

electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)

number of registered air carriers: 8 (2020)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 125

LN

improved:

urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved:

urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2020 est.)

Norwegian 81.5% (includes about 60,000 Sami), other European 8.9%, other 9.6% (2021 est.)

Church of Norway (Evangelical Lutheran - official) 67.5%, Muslim 3.1%, Roman Catholic 3.1%, other Christian 3.8%, other 2.6%, unspecified 19.9% (2021 est.)

Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities

major-language sample(s):
Verdens Faktabok, den essensielle kilden for grunnleggende informasjon. (Norwegian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

note: Sami has three dialects (Lule, North Sami, and South Sami) and is an official language in nine municipalities in the northernmost counties of Finnmark, Nordland, and Troms

Sweden 11%, Germany 11%, China 11%, USA 7%, Netherlands 5% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

highest point: Galdhopiggen 2,469 m

lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m

mean elevation: 460 m

NA

8.1% of GDP (2022)

the Norwegian Armed Forces (Forsvaret) are responsible for protecting Norway and its allies, including monitoring Norway’s airspace, digital, land, and maritime areas, maintaining the country’s borders and sovereignty, contributing to NATO and UN missions, and providing support to civil society, such as assisting the police, search and rescue, and maritime counterterrorism efforts; the military’s territorial and sovereignty defense missions are complicated by Norway’s vast sea areas, numerous islands, long and winding fjords, and difficult and mountainous terrain; a key area of emphasis is its far northern border with Russia

Norway is one of the original members of NATO, and the Alliance is a key component of Norway’s defense policy; the Forsvaret participates regularly in NATO exercises, missions, and operations, including air policing of NATO territory, NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence mission in the Baltic States and Eastern Europe, and standing naval missions, as well as operations in non-NATO areas, such as the Middle East

the Forsvaret also cooperates closely with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO; established 2009), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; Norway contributes to the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, a pool of high-readiness military forces from 10 Baltic and Scandinavian countries designed to respond to a wide range of contingencies both in peacetime and in times of crisis or conflict with a focus on the High North, North Atlantic, and Baltic Sea regions; Norway has close military ties with the US, including rotational US military deployments and an agreement allowing for mutual defense activities and US military forces to access some Norwegian facilities

the Forsvaret's origins go back to the leidangen, defense forces which were established along the coastline in the 10th century to protect the Norwegian coast (2024)

total population: NA

male: NA

female: NA

approximately 27,000 active personnel (9,000 Army; 4,300 Navy; 4,700 Air Force; 9,000 other, including special operations, cyber, joint staff, intelligence, logistics support, active Home Guard, etc.); approximately 40,000 Home Guard (2024)

note: active personnel include about 10,000 conscripts

the military's inventory includes a mix of modern, imported Western European and US, as well as domestically produced weapons systems and equipment; in 2024, the Norwegian Government announced a new defense plan which would double defense spending over the following 12 years with priorities placed in such areas as the acquisition of air defenses and naval capabilities; Norway has a defense industry with a focus in niche capabilities and participates in joint development and production of weapons systems with other European countries (2024)

up to 200 Lithuania (NATO); Norway also has deployed air and naval assets in support of other NATO operations such as the Iceland Air Policing and the Mine Counter Measures Group missions  (2024)

municipal: 780 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

industrial: 1.07 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

agricultural: 840 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

municipal solid waste generated annually: 2.187 million tons (2015 est.)

municipal solid waste recycled annually: 572,119 tons (2015 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 26.2% (2015 est.)

on food: 11.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

on alcohol and tobacco: 3.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

particulate matter emissions: 6.3 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

carbon dioxide emissions: 41.02 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions: 4.81 megatons (2020 est.)

total World Heritage Sites: 8 (7 cultural, 1 natural)

selected World Heritage Site locales: Bryggen (c); Urnes Stave Church (c); Røros Mining Town and the Circumference (c); Rock Art of Alta (c); Vegaøyan – The Vega Archipelago (c); Struve Geodetic Arc (c); West Norwegian Fjords – Geirangerfjord and Nærøyfjord (n); Rjukan-Notodden Industrial Heritage Site (c)

production: 120,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

consumption: 1.096 million metric tons (2023 est.)

exports: 60,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

imports: 1.042 million metric tons (2023 est.)

proven reserves: 2 million metric tons (2023 est.)

fossil fuels: 1.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

wind: 9.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

hydroelectricity: 89.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

biomass and waste: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

production: 121.637 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

consumption: 5.082 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

exports: 117.597 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

imports: 104.744 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

proven reserves: 1.544 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)

total petroleum production: 2.02 million bbl/day (2023 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 229,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)

crude oil estimated reserves: 8.122 billion barrels (2021 est.)

0.77 (2024 est.)

50.2% (2023 est.)

0.12% of GDP (2023 est.)
0.11% of GDP (2022 est.)
0.13% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

has a broad and active space program coordinated with the European Space Agency (ESA) and the EU; jointly designs and builds satellites with foreign partners, including communications, remote sensing (RS), scientific, and navigational/positional; operates satellites; develops and launches sounding rockets; researches and produces a range of other space-related technologies, including satellite/space launch vehicle (SLV) and space station components, telescopes, and robotics; conducts solar and telecommunications research; participates in international space programs, such as the International Space Station; hosts training for Mars landing missions on the island of Svalbard; active member of the ESA and cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Canada, ESA/EU member states, Japan, Russia, and the US; has an active and advanced space industry that cooperates with both the NOSA and foreign space programs and produces a variety of space-related products, from terminals for satellite communications and technologies for RS satellites to sensors for gamma radiation in deep space (2024)

note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide

the Norwegian Space Agency (NOSA, aka Norsk Romsenter; established 1987) (2024)

Andøya Space Center (Andøya Island; note - first operational spaceport in continental Europe) (2024)

total global geoparks and regional networks: 4

global geoparks and regional networks: Gea Norvegica; Magma; Sunnhordland; Trollfjell (2023)

total ports: 141 (2024)

large: 1

medium: 10

small: 34

very small: 90

size unknown: 6

ports with oil terminals: 54

key ports: Bergen, Drammen, Hammerfest, Harstad, Horten, Karsto, Mongstad, Oslo, Stavanger, Tromso, Trondheim

3.007 million (2023 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

total: 11% (2023 est.)

male: 11.3% (2023 est.)

female: 10.6% (2023 est.)

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

3.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

total: 40.8 years (2024 est.)

male: 40.1 years

female: 41.5 years

2 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

$80.459 billion (2023 est.)
$72.077 billion (2022 est.)
$84.271 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

36.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

1.57 children born/woman (2024 est.)

3.58% (2023 est.)
3.23% (2022 est.)
4.37% (2021 est.)

note: % of labor force seeking employment

total: 5,509,733 (2024 est.)

male: 2,780,972

female: 2,728,761

38.535 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.929 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 25.576 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from consumed natural gas: 10.029 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

total : 323,802 sq km

land: 304,282 sq km

water: 19,520 sq km

31.27% (of GDP) (2022 est.)

note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

$499.357 billion (2023 est.)
$496.973 billion (2022 est.)
$482.472 billion (2021 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

146 (2025)

total: 1.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)

male: 2.1 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 1.5 deaths/1,000 live births

total subscriptions: 6.09 million (2022 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 111 (2022 est.)

27.7 (2019 est.)

note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

5.52% (2023 est.)
5.76% (2022 est.)
3.48% (2021 est.)

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

$84.686 billion (2023 est.)
$177.149 billion (2022 est.)
$66.254 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

$90,500 (2023 est.)
$91,100 (2022 est.)
$89,200 (2021 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

total: 2.49 million (2022 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 46 (2022 est.)

total: 16.2% (2020 est.)

male: 17% (2020 est.)

female: 15.4% (2020 est.)

23.1% (2016)

206.961 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

8.4 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

10.4 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

installed generating capacity: 41.1 million kW (2023 est.)

consumption: 127.335 billion kWh (2023 est.)

exports: 30.978 billion kWh (2023 est.)

imports: 13.232 billion kWh (2023 est.)

transmission/distribution losses: 7.025 billion kWh (2023 est.)

total: 1,720 (2022)

by type: bulk carrier 109, container ship 1, general cargo 274, oil tanker 95, other 1,241

NA

$155.081 billion (2023 est.)
$161.645 billion (2022 est.)
$140.331 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

$224.336 billion (2023 est.)
$327.706 billion (2022 est.)
$203.228 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

113 (2025)

total subscriptions: 145,000 (2022 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2022 est.)

total: 6.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

beer: 2.63 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

wine: 2.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

spirits: 1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

other alcohols: 0.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

total population: 82.9 years (2024 est.)

male: 81.3 years

female: 84.6 years

0.48% (2023 est.)
3.01% (2022 est.)
3.91% (2021 est.)

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

0.23% (2023 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

agriculture: 2.1% (2023 est.)

industry: 39% (2023 est.)

services: 50% (2023 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

0.05% of GDP (2018 est.)

0% of GDP (2018 est.)

5.9% of GDP (2020 est.)

0.59% (2024 est.)