San Marino - SM - SMR - SMR - Europe

embassy: the United States does not have an Embassy in San Marino; the US Ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino, and the US Consulate General in Florence maintains day-to-day ties

0-14 years: 14.2% (male 2,614/female 2,387)

15-64 years: 64.3% (male 10,916/female 11,648)

65 years and over: 21.5% (2024 est.) (male 3,414/female 4,116)

43 46 N, 12 25 E

at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.1 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female

total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

occasional earthquakes

about one-third the size of Washington, D.C.

18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to serve in the military (2024)

Geographically the third-smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named MARINUS in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the EU, although it is not a member.  San Marino is negotiating an Association Agreement that is expected to allow participation in the EU’s internal market and cooperation in other policy areas by late 2024. Social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.

air pollution; urbanization decreasing rural farmlands; water shortage

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling

signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution

washing and bottling machines, other foods, packaged medicine, woodworking machines, aircraft (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle

wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides

Military Corps (National Guard): Guard of the Rock (or Fortress Guard), Uniformed Militia, Guard of the Great and General Council, Corps of the Gendarmerie

Ministry of Internal Affairs: Civil Police Corps (2024)

note: the captains regent oversees the Gendarmerie and National Guard when they are performing duties related to public order and security; the Ministry of Foreign Affairs exercises control over such administrative functions as personnel and equipment, and the courts exercise control over the Gendarmerie when it acts as judicial police

revenues: $817.27 million (2022 est.)

expenditures: $816.572 million (2022 est.)

note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

name: San Marino (city)

geographic coordinates: 43 56 N, 12 25 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: named after Saint MARINUS, who in A.D. 301 founded a monastic settlement around which the city and later the state of San Marino coalesced

garments, cars, electricity, animal food, footwear (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

0 km (landlocked)

history: San Marino’s principal legislative instruments consist of old customs (antiche consuetudini), the Statutory Laws of San Marino (Leges Statutae Sancti Marini), old statutes (antichi statute) from the1600s, Brief Notes on the Constitutional Order and Institutional Organs of the Republic of San Marino (Brevi Cenni sull’Ordinamento Costituzionale e gli Organi Istituzionali della Repubblica di San Marino) and successive legislation, chief among them is the Declaration of the Rights of Citizens and Fundamental Principles of the San Marino Legal Order (Dichiarazione dei Diritti dei Cittadini e dei Principi Fondamentali dell’Ordinamento Sammarinese), approved 8 July 1974

amendment process: proposed by the Great and General Council; passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote; Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum

euros (EUR) per US dollar -

Exchange rates:
0.925 (2023 est.)
0.951 (2022 est.)
0.845 (2021 est.)
0.877 (2020 est.)
0.893 (2019 est.)

note: while not an EU member state, San Marino, due to its preexisting monetary and banking agreements with Italy, has a 2000 monetary agreement with the EU to produce limited euro coinage—but not banknotes—that began enforcement in January 2002 and was superseded by a new EU agreement in 2012

chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captains Regent Denise BRONZETTI and Italo RIGHI (for the period 1 April 2025 - 30 September 2025)

head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020)

cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council

elections/appointments: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held on 1 April 2025 (next to be held in September 2025); Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 28 December 2019

election results: April 2025:  Denise BRONZETTI (Reformist Alliance) and Italo RIGHI (Christian Democrat) elected captains regent: percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA

October 2024:  Francesca CIVERCHIA (PDCS) and Dalibor RICCARDI (Free San Marino) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA

March 2024:  Alessandro ROSSI (Demos) and Milena GASPERONI (We for the Republic) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA

2019: Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA

note: the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has seven other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are seven secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the main colors derive from the shield of the coat of arms, which features three white towers on three peaks on a blue field; the towers represent three castles built on San Marino's highest feature, Mount Titano: Guaita, Cesta, and Montale; the coat of arms is flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty); the white and blue colors are also said to stand for peace and liberty respectively

total: 292 km

paved: 292 km (2006)

3 September 301 (traditional founding date)

tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

highest court(s): Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members)

judge selection and term of office: judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms

subordinate courts: first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts; Court for the Trust and Trustee Relations; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges

note: the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court

total: 37 km

border countries (1): Italy 37 km

agricultural land: 38.3% (2022 est.)

arable land: 33.1% (2022 est.)

permanent crops: 5.3% (2022 est.)

permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)

forest: 16.7% (2022 est.)

other: 45% (2022 est.)

civil law system with Italian civil law influences

legislature name: Great and General Council (Consiglio grande e generale)

legislative structure: unicameral

number of seats: 60 (all directly elected)

electoral system: proportional representation

scope of elections: full renewal

term in office: 5 years

most recent election date: 6/9/2024

parties elected and seats per party: Christian Democratic Party of San Marino (PDCS) (22); Free (Libera) – Socialist Party (PS) (10); Future Republic (RF) (8); Party of Socialists and Democrats (PSD) (8); Tomorrow - Motus Liberi (5); Reformist Alliance (AR) (4); R.E.T.E. Citizens' Movement (3)

percentage of women in chamber: 35%

expected date of next election: June 2029

none (landlocked)

CE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO

Founding of the Republic (or Feast of Saint Marinus), 3 September (A.D. 301)

noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural)

adjective: Sammarinese

building stone

landlocked; an enclave of (completely surrounded by) Italy; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennine Mountains

high-income, non-EU European economy; surrounded by Italy, which is the dominant importer and exporter; open border to EU and a euro user; strong financial sector; high foreign investments; low taxation; increasingly high and risky debt

Domani - Modus Liberi or DML 
Free San Marino (Libera San Marino) or Libera 
Future Republic or RF 
Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD 
Reformist Alliance or AR 
RETE Movement 
Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS 
Socialist Party or PS 
Tomorrow in Movement coalition (includes RETE Movement, DML)

18 years of age; universal

general assessment: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system (2018)

domestic: fixed-line is 47 per 100 and mobile-cellular teledensity is 119 telephones per 100 persons (2021)

international: country code - 378; connected to Italian international network

rugged mountains

parliamentary republic

defense is the responsibility of Italy

conventional long form: Republic of San Marino

conventional short form: San Marino

local long form: Repubblica di San Marino

local short form: San Marino

etymology: named after Saint MARINUS, who founded a monastic settlement on Monte Titano in the early 4th century

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Europe

0 sq km (2022)

chief of mission: Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017); note - also Permanent Representative to the UN

chancery: 327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022

telephone: [1] (212) 751-1234

FAX: [1] (212) 751-1436

email address and website:
sanmarinoun@gmail.com

Republic of San Marino Permanent Mission to the United Nations

percent of population: 85% (2022 est.)

.sm

$1.832 billion (2022 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Fitch rating: BB+ (2020)

note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.

total: 12 years

male: 13 years

female: 12 years (2021)

urban population: 97.8% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

state-owned public broadcaster operates 1 TV station and 3 radio stations; receives radio and TV broadcasts from Italy (2019)

name: "Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic)

lyrics/music: no lyrics/Federico CONSOLO

note: adopted 1894; the music for the lyric-less anthem is based on a 10th century chorale piece

4,000 SAN MARINO (2018)

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

4.63 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

3.8 beds/1,000 population (2012)

three peaks each displaying a tower; national colors: white, blue

household consumption: 35.5% (2022 est.)

government consumption: 17.1% (2022 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 17.8% (2022 est.)

investment in inventories: 5.2% (2022 est.)

exports of goods and services: 197.4% (2022 est.)

imports of goods and services: -173% (2022 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of San Marino

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 30 years

electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)

T7

Sammarinese, Italian

Roman Catholic

Italian

major-language sample(s):
L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

highest point: Monte Titano 739 m

lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m

NA

8% of GDP (2021)

total population: 99.9%

male: 99.9%

female: 99.9% (2018)

total dependency ratio: 49.6

youth dependency ratio: 19.6

elderly dependency ratio: 30

potential support ratio: 3.3 (2021)

improved:

urban: NA

rural: NA

total: 100% of population

unimproved:

urban: NA

rural: NA

total: 0% of population (2020)

improved:

urban: NA

rural: NA

total: 100% of population

unimproved:

urban: NA

rural: NA

total: 0% of population (2020)

31.9 years (2019)

Germany 24%, Italy 13%, Netherlands 9%, Spain 9%, Poland 8% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Germany 12%, Austria 10%, USA 9%, Romania 8%, Brazil 7% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

municipal solid waste generated annually: 17,175 tons (2016 est.)

municipal solid waste recycled annually: 7,737 tons (2016 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 45.1% (2016 est.)

particulate matter emissions: 9.85 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

methane emissions: 0.02 megatons (2020 est.)

total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural)

selected World Heritage Site locales: San Marino Historic Center and Mount Titano

0.74 (2024 est.)

47.7% (2023 est.)

1.15% of GDP (2022 est.)
1.13% of GDP (2021 est.)
1.14% of GDP (2020 est.)

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

total: 27.4% (2016 est.)

male: 21.4%

female: 36%

5.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

total: 46.1 years (2024 est.)

male: 44.5 years

female: 47.4 years

$836.088 million (2023 est.)
$716.066 million (2022 est.)
$954.383 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

103.15% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

1.54 children born/woman (2024 est.)

8.1% (2017 est.)
8.6% (2016 est.)

total: 35,095 (2024 est.)

male: 16,944

female: 18,151

total : 61 sq km

land: 61 sq km

water: 0 sq km

17.81% (of GDP) (2022 est.)

note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

$2.393 billion (2022 est.)
$2.218 billion (2021 est.)
$1.947 billion (2020 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

1 (2025)

total: 6.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)

male: 7.4 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 5 deaths/1,000 live births

total subscriptions: 41,000 (2022 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 122 (2022 est.)

1.05% (2017 est.)
0.57% (2016 est.)
0.15% (2015 est.)

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

$284.256 million (2022 est.)
$100.118 million (2021 est.)
$42.98 million (2020 est.)

$70,900 (2022 est.)
$64,700 (2021 est.)
$56,000 (2020 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

total: 12,000 (2022 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (2022 est.)

8.9 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

9 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

NA

$3.169 billion (2022 est.)
$2.94 billion (2021 est.)
$2.232 billion (2020 est.)

note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars

$3.616 billion (2022 est.)
$3.23 billion (2021 est.)
$2.439 billion (2020 est.)

note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars

total subscriptions: 16,000 (2022 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2022 est.)

total population: 84.2 years (2024 est.)

male: 81.7 years

female: 87 years

7.9% (2022 est.)
13.9% (2021 est.)
-6.65% (2020 est.)

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

10.72% (2022 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

agriculture: 0% (2022 est.)

industry: 37.6% (2022 est.)

services: 55.1% (2022 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

0% of GDP (2018 est.)

3.4% of GDP (2020 est.)

0.57% (2024 est.)