Senegal - SN - SEN - SEN - Africa

chief of mission: Ambassador Michael RAYNOR (since 10 March 2022); note - also accredited to Guinea-Bissau

embassy: Route des Almadies, Dakar

mailing address: 2130 Dakar Place, Washington D.C.  20521-2130

telephone: [221] 33-879-4000

email address and website:
DakarACS@state.gov

https://sn.usembassy.gov/

0-14 years: 40.7% (male 3,907,986/female 3,760,594)

15-64 years: 55.9% (male 5,098,038/female 5,437,195)

65 years and over: 3.4% (2024 est.) (male 277,290/female 366,416)

14 00 N, 14 00 W

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female

total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts

slightly smaller than South Dakota; slightly larger than twice the size of Indiana

19 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women (18 years of age for cadets); 24-month service commitment (2024)

Senegal is one of the few countries in the world with evidence of continuous human life from the Paleolithic period to present. Between the 14th and 16th centuries, the Jolof Empire ruled most of Senegal. Starting in the 15th century, Portugal, the Netherlands, France, and Great Britain traded along the Senegalese coast. Senegal’s location on the western tip of Africa made it a favorable base for the European slave trade. European powers used the Senegalese island of Goree as a base to purchase slaves from the warring chiefdoms on the mainland, and at the height of the slave trade in Senegal, over one-third of the Senegalese population was enslaved. In 1815, France abolished slavery and began expanding inland. During the second half of the 19th century, France took possession of Senegal as a French colony. In 1959, the French colonies of Senegal and French Sudan were merged and granted independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation. The union broke up after only a few months. In 1982, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia. The envisaged integration of the two countries was never implemented, and the union dissolved in 1989.

Since the 1980s, the Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance -- a separatist movement based in southern Senegal -- has led a low-level insurgency. Several attempts at reaching a comprehensive peace agreement have failed. Since 2012, despite sporadic incidents of violence, an unofficial cease-fire has remained largely in effect. Senegal is one of the most stable democracies in Africa and has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping and regional mediation. The Socialist Party of Senegal ruled for 40 years until Abdoulaye WADE was elected president in 2000 and re-elected in 2007. WADE amended Senegal's constitution over a dozen times to increase executive power and weaken the opposition. In 2012, WADE’s decision to run for a third presidential term sparked public backlash that led to his loss to current President Macky SALL. A 2016 constitutional referendum limited future presidents to two consecutive five-year terms. President Bassirou Diomaye FAYE took office in April 2024.

deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; periodic droughts; seasonal flooding; overfishing; weak environmental protective laws; wildlife populations threatened by poaching

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

lowest 10%: 3% (2021 est.)

highest 10%: 28.8% (2021 est.)

note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

gold, refined petroleum, phosphoric acid, fish, cement (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Mali 21%, India 12%, Switzerland 11%, China 5%, UAE 4% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

14 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaffrine, Kaolack, Kéedougou, Kolda, Louga, Matam, Saint-Louis, Sedhiou, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor

rice, groundnuts, watermelons, millet, cassava, sugarcane, maize, sorghum, onions, milk (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Senegalese Armed Forces (les Forces Armées Sénégalaises, FAS): Army (l’Armée de Terre, AT), Senegalese National Navy (Marine Séenéegalaise, MNS), Senegalese Air Force (l'Arméee de l'Air du Séenéegal, AAS), National Gendarmerie (includes Territorial and Mobile components)

Ministry of Interior: National Police (2024)

note: the National Police operates in major cities, while the Gendarmerie under the FAS primarily operates outside urban areas; both services have specialized anti-terrorism units

revenues: $6.423 billion (2022 est.)

expenditures: $6.424 billion (2022 est.)

note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

name: Dakar

geographic coordinates: 14 44 N, 17 38 W

time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, D.C., during Standard Time)

etymology: the Atlantic coast trading settlement of Ndakaaru came to be called "Dakar" by French colonialists

refined petroleum, crude petroleum, rice, garments, wheat (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind

531 km

history: previous 1959 (pre-independence), 1963; latest adopted by referendum 7 January 2001, promulgated 22 January 2001

amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; passage requires Assembly approval and approval in a referendum; the president can bypass a referendum and submit an amendment directly to the Assembly, which requires at least three-fifths majority vote; the republican form of government is not amendable

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -

Exchange rates:
606.57 (2023 est.)
623.76 (2022 est.)
554.531 (2021 est.)
575.586 (2020 est.)
585.911 (2019 est.)

chief of state: President Bassirou Diomaye FAYE (since 2 April 2024)

head of government: Prime Minister Ousmane SONKO (since 2 April 2024)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single, renewable 5-year term; election last held on 24 March 2024 (next to be held in March 2029)

election results:
2024: Bassirou Diomaye FAYE elected president in first round; percent of vote - Bassirou Diomaye FAYE (PASTEF) 54%, Amadou BA (APR) 36%, other 10%

2019: Macky SALL reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Macky SALL (APR) 58.3%, Idrissa SECK (Rewmi) 20.5%, Ousmane SONKO (PASTEF) 15.7%, other 5.5%

 

three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; green represents Islam, progress, and hope; yellow signifies natural wealth and progress; red symbolizes sacrifice and determination; the star denotes unity and hope

note: uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; the colors from left to right are the same as those of neighboring Mali and the reverse of those on the flag of neighboring Guinea

4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960

agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, zircon, and gold mining, construction materials, ship construction and repair

highest court(s): Supreme Court or Cour Suprême (consists of the court president and 12 judges and organized into civil and commercial, criminal, administrative, and social chambers); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel (consists of 7 members, including the court president, vice president, and 5 judges)

judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president of the republic upon recommendation of the Superior Council of the Magistrates, a body chaired by the president and minister of justice; judge tenure varies, with mandatory retirement either at 65 or 68 years; Constitutional Council members are appointed, 5 by the president and 2 by the National Assembly speaker; judges serve 6-year terms, with renewal of 2 members every 2 years

subordinate courts: High Court of Justice (for crimes of high treason by the president); Courts of Appeal; Court of Auditors; assize courts; regional and district courts; Labor Court

total: 2,684 km

border countries (5): The Gambia 749 km; Guinea 363 km; Guinea-Bissau 341 km; Mali 489 km; Mauritania 742 km

agricultural land: 49.4% (2022 est.)

agricultural land: arable land: 19.9% (2022 est.)

agricultural land: permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)

agricultural land: permanent pasture: 29.1% (2022 est.)

forest: 41.5% (2022 est.)

other: 9.1% (2022 est.)

civil law system based on French law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Council

legislature name: National Assembly (Assemblée nationale)

legislative structure: unicameral

number of seats: 165 (all directly elected)

electoral system: mixed system

scope of elections: full renewal

term in office: 5 years

most recent election date: 11/17/2024

parties elected and seats per party: Pastef Party (130); Coalition Takku Wallu Sénégal (16); Other (19)

percentage of women in chamber: 41.2%

expected date of next election: November 2029

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 56.3%

male: 68.4%

female: 45.4% (2021)

territorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, CPLP (associate), ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Independence Day, 4 April (1960)

noun: Senegalese (singular and plural)

adjective: Senegalese

fish, phosphates, iron ore

westernmost country on the African continent; The Gambia is almost an enclave within Senegal

lower middle-income, services-driven West African economy; key mining, construction, agriculture, and fishing industries; tourism and exports hit hard by COVID-19; large informal economy; developing offshore oil and gas fields; systemic corruption

43 km gas, 8 km refined products (2017)

Alliance for Citizenship and Work or ACT 
Alliance for the Republic-Yakaar or APR 
Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP 
AND (National Alliance for Democracy) 
And-Jef/African Party for Democracy and Socialism or AJ/PADS 
ARC (Alternative for the next generation of citizens) 
Awalé 
Benno Bokk Yakaar or BBY (United in Hope); coalition includes AFP, APR, BGC, LD-MPT, PIT, PS, and UNP
Bokk Gis Gis coalition 
Citizen Movement for National Reform or MCRN-Bes Du Nakk 
Coalition Mimi 2024 
Dare the Future movement 
Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT 
Democratic Renaissance Congress 
Front for Socialism and Democracy/Benno Jubel or FSD/BJ 
Gainde Centrist Bloc or BCG 
General Alliance for the Interests of the Republic or AGIR 
Grand Party or GP 
Gueum sa Bopp (Believe in yourself) 
Independence and Labor Party or PIT 
Jotna Coalition 
Liberate the People (Yewwi Askan Wi) or YAW 
Madicke 2019 coalition 
National Union for the People or UNP 
Only Senegal Movement 
Party for Truth and Development or PVD 
Party of Unity and Rally or PUR 
Patriotic Convergence Kaddu Askan Wi or CP-Kaddu Askan Wi 
PRP (Republican party for Progress) 
Rewmi Party 
Save Senegal (Wallu Senegal Grand Coalition) or WS; coalition includes PDS, Jotna Coalition, Democratic Renaissance Congress
Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS 
Socialist Party or PS 
Tekki Movement 
Réewum Ngor (Republic of Values) 
Servants (Les Serviteurs)

18 years of age; universal

general assessment: Senegal’s telecom market continues to show steady growth in all sectors; this has been supported by the particular demands made on consumers during the pandemic, which resulted in a particularly strong increase in the number of subscribers; the mobile subscriber base increased 6.7% in 2020, year-on-year, and by 4.1% in 2021, while the number of fixed broadband subscribers increased 17.5% year-on-year in 2021; mobile internet platforms account for the vast majority of all internet accesses; quality of service issues continue to plague the market, with the regulator periodically issuing fines to the market players (2022)

domestic: fixed-line is 2 per 100 and mobile-cellular 118 per 100 persons (2021)

international: country code - 221; landing points for the ACE, Atlantis-2, MainOne and SAT-3/WASC submarine cables providing connectivity from South Africa, numerous western African countries, Europe and South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)

generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast

presidential republic

conventional long form: Republic of Senegal

conventional short form: Senegal

local long form: République du Sénégal

local short form: Sénégal

former: Senegambia (along with The Gambia), Mali Federation

etymology: named for the Senegal River that forms the northern border of the country; many theories exist for the origin of the river name; perhaps the most widely cited derives the name from "Azenegue," the Portuguese appellation for the Berber Zenaga people who lived north of the river

Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania

Africa

1,200 sq km (2012)

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Isidor Marcel SENE (since 31 August 2024)

chancery: 2215 M ST NW, Washington, D.C. 20037

telephone: [1] (202) 234-0540

FAX: [1] (202) 629-2961

email address and website:
contact@ambasenegal-us.org

http://www.ambasenegal-us.org/index.php

consulate(s) general: New York

percent of population: 60% (2022 est.)

.sn

refugees (country of origin): 11,518 (Mauritania) (2023)

IDPs: 8,400 (2022)

$30.848 billion (2023 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Moody's rating: Ba3 (2017)

Standard & Poors rating: B+ (2000)

note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.

38.97 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

total: 9 years

male: 8 years

female: 10 years (2021)

urban population: 49.6% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 3.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Senegal’s media environment includes over 25 private television stations, hundreds of radio stations, and more than 45 newspapers.  State-run Radiodiffusion Television Senegalaise (RTS) broadcasts from five cities in Senegal and a wide range of independent TV programming is available via satellite; transmissions of several international broadcasters are accessible on FM in Dakar

improved: urban: 95.9% of population

rural: 79.3% of population

total: 87.3% of population

unimproved: urban: 4.1% of population

rural: 20.7% of population

total: 12.7% of population (2020 est.)

name: "Pincez Tous vos Koras, Frappez les Balafons" (Pluck Your Koras, Strike the Balafons)

lyrics/music: Leopold Sedar SENGHOR/Herbert PEPPER

note: adopted 1960; lyrics written by Leopold Sedar SENGHOR, Senegal's first president; the anthem sometimes played incorporating the Koras (harp-like stringed instruments) and Balafons (types of xylophones) mentioned in the title

3.340 million DAKAR (capital) (2023)

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

0.09 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

lion; national colors: green, yellow, red

21.9 years (2019 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Senegal has a large and growing youth population but has not been successful in developing its potential human capital. Senegal’s high total fertility rate of almost 4.5 children per woman continues to bolster the country’s large youth cohort – more than 60% of the population is under the age of 25. Fertility remains high because of the continued desire for large families, the low use of family planning, and early childbearing. Because of the country’s high illiteracy rate (more than 40%), high unemployment (even among university graduates), and widespread poverty, Senegalese youths face dim prospects; women are especially disadvantaged.

Senegal historically was a destination country for economic migrants, but in recent years West African migrants more often use Senegal as a transit point to North Africa – and sometimes illegally onward to Europe. The country also has been host to several thousand black Mauritanian refugees since they were expelled from their homeland during its 1989 border conflict with Senegal. The country’s economic crisis in the 1970s stimulated emigration; departures accelerated in the 1990s. Destinations shifted from neighboring countries, which were experiencing economic decline, civil wars, and increasing xenophobia, to Libya and Mauritania because of their booming oil industries and to developed countries (most notably former colonial ruler France, as well as Italy and Spain). The latter became attractive in the 1990s because of job opportunities and their periodic regularization programs (legalizing the status of illegal migrants).

 

26.9% (2019)

household consumption: 67% (2023 est.)

government consumption: 13.8% (2023 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 34.8% (2023 est.)

investment in inventories: 9.5% (2023 est.)

exports of goods and services: 23% (2023 est.)

imports of goods and services: -48% (2023 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

total dependency ratio: 81.5

youth dependency ratio: 75.8

elderly dependency ratio: 5.7

potential support ratio: 17.4 (2021 est.)

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Senegal

dual citizenship recognized: no, but Senegalese citizens do not automatically lose their citizenship if they acquire citizenship in another state

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

the population is concentrated in the west, with Dakar anchoring a well-defined core area; approximately 70% of the population is rural as shown in this population distribution map

electrification - total population: 67.9% (2022 est.)

electrification - urban areas: 96.6%

electrification - rural areas: 43.4%

number of registered air carriers: 2 (2020)

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 11

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 21,038 (2018)

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 40,000 (2018) mt-km

6V

improved: urban: 94.1% of population

rural: 55.5% of population

total: 74.1% of population

unimproved: urban: 5.9% of population

rural: 44.5% of population

total: 25.9% of population (2020 est.)

Wolof 39.7%, Pulaar 27.5%, Sereer 16%, Mandinka 4.9%, Jola 4.2%, Soninke 2.4%, other 5.4% (includes Europeans and persons of Lebanese descent) (2019 est.)

Muslim 97.2% (most adhere to one of the four main Sufi brotherhoods), Christian 2.7% (mostly Roman Catholic) (2019 est.)

French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka, Serer, Soninke

China 19%, France 9%, Nigeria 7%, India 7%, Russia 5% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

highest point: unnamed elevation 2.8 km southeast of Nepen Diaka 648 m

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

mean elevation: 69 m

4.4% of GDP (2021)

despite limited resources, the Senegalese military is considered to be a well-equipped, experienced, and effective force; the military has a tradition of non-interference in the country’s political process and positive relations with civil authorities; it participates in foreign deployments and multinational exercises and has received assistance from France, which maintains a military presence in the country, as well as Germany, Spain, the UK, and the US; the military’s primary focuses are border, internal, and maritime security; it also works with the civilian government in areas such as preventive healthcare, infrastructure development, environmental protection, and disaster response

Senegal's security concerns include the prevalence of multiple active terrorist groups across the region and political instability in neighboring Mali and Guinea; Senegal has recently established new military and gendarmerie camps along its eastern border with Mali

Senegalese security forces have been engaged in a low-level counterinsurgency campaign in the southern Casamance region against various factions of the separatist Movement of Democratic Forces of the Casamance (MDFC) since 1982; the conflict is one of longest running low-level insurgencies in the World, having claimed more than 5,000 lives while leaving another 60,000 displaced; in May 2023, a faction of the MFDC agreed to a peace deal (2024)

approximately 27,000 active personnel (15,000 Army; 1,500 Navy; 1,500 Air Force; 16,000 National Gendarmerie); 15,000 National Police (2023)

the military's inventory includes a mix of older, secondhand, and more modern equipment from a variety of countries, including France, South Africa, and Russia/former Soviet Union; in recent years, the military has undertaken a modernization program and has received newer equipment from more than 10 countries, including France and the US (2024)

200 Central African Republic (MINUSCA; plus about 525 police); 800 (ECOWAS Military Intervention in The Gambia--ECOMIG); 500 (ECOWAS Stabilization Support Mission in Guinea-Bissau--EESMGB); 450 police Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (2024)

Terrorist group(s): Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM)

severe localized food insecurity: due to localized shortfalls in cereal production and reduced incomes - according to the latest analysis, about 881,000 people are estimated to be in need of humanitarian assistance between June and August 2022, mostly on account of localized shortfalls in cereal production in 2021 and reduced incomes owing to the impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic (2022)

municipal: 260 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

industrial: 58 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

agricultural: 2.76 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

municipal solid waste generated annually: 2,454,059 tons (2016 est.)

particulate matter emissions: 38.21 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

carbon dioxide emissions: 10.9 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions: 11.74 megatons (2020 est.)

Senegalo-Mauritanian Basin

Atlantic Ocean drainage: Senegal (456,397 sq km)

Senegal (shared with Guinea [s], Mali, and Mauritania [m] ) - 1,641 km; Gambie (Gambia) (shared with Guinea [s] and The Gambia [m]) - 1,094 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

total World Heritage Sites: 7 (5 cultural, 2 natural)

selected World Heritage Site locales: Island of Gorée (c); Niokolo-Koba National Park (n); Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary (n); Island of Saint-Louis (c); Stone Circles of Senegambia (c); Saloum Delta (c); Bassari Country: Bassari, Fula, and Bedik Cultural Landscapes (c)

women married by age 15: 8.8%

women married by age 18: 30.5%

men married by age 18: 0.7% (2019 est.)

consumption: 502,000 metric tons (2022 est.)

imports: 502,000 metric tons (2022 est.)

fossil fuels: 74.3% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

solar: 10.9% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

wind: 9.5% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

hydroelectricity: 4% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

biomass and waste: 1.4% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

production: 54.646 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

consumption: 54.498 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

total petroleum production: 9,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 55,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)

1.98 (2024 est.)

65.3% (2023 est.)

9.52% of GDP (2023 est.)
10.89% of GDP (2022 est.)
11.25% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Senegalese Space Study Agency (Agence Sénégalaise d'Etudes Spatiales or ASES; launched in 2023 under the Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and Innovation) (2024)

small, nascent program focused on acquiring satellites, largely for socio-economic development and research; conducts research in such fields as astronomy and planetary sciences; has cooperated with the European Space Agency, and the space agencies of China, France, Turkey, and the US (2024)

total ports: 6 (2024)

large: 0

medium: 1

small: 1

very small: 4

ports with oil terminals: 4

key ports: Dakar, Karabane, Lyndiane, M'bao Oil Terminal, Rufisque, St. Louis

5.578 million (2023 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

total: 4.1% (2023 est.)

male: 2.9% (2023 est.)

female: 6.7% (2023 est.)

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

-0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

total: 19.2 years (2024 est.)

male: 18.4 years

female: 20 years

$16.004 billion (2023 est.)

note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

261 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

$1.827 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$116.9 million (31 December 2016 est.)

1,000 km (2012) (primarily on the Senegal, Saloum, and Casamance Rivers)

48.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

4.06 children born/woman (2024 est.)

1.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
1.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)
1.5% of GDP (2020 est.)
1.5% of GDP (2019 est.)

2.93% (2023 est.)
2.97% (2022 est.)
3.37% (2021 est.)

note: % of labor force seeking employment

total: 18,847,519

male: 9,283,314

female: 9,564,205 (2024 est.)

9.152 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke: 1.134 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 7.926 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

from consumed natural gas: 92,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

total : 196,722 sq km

land: 192,530 sq km

water: 4,192 sq km

19.44% (of GDP) (2023 est.)

note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

$78.045 billion (2023 est.)
$74.624 billion (2022 est.)
$71.874 billion (2021 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

total: 16,665 km

paved: 6,126 km (includes 241 km of expressways)

unpaved: 10,539 km (2017)

19 (2024)

total: 31.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)

male: 34.4 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 27.6 deaths/1,000 live births

total subscriptions: 22.4 million (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2022 est.)

36.2 (2021 est.)

note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

5.94% (2023 est.)
9.7% (2022 est.)
2.18% (2021 est.)

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

-$3.327 billion (2021 est.)
-$2.662 billion (2020 est.)
-$1.898 billion (2019 est.)

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

$4,300 (2023 est.)
$4,200 (2022 est.)
$4,200 (2021 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

total: 357,000 (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2023 est.)

total: 6.9% (2020 est.)

male: 13.1% (2020 est.)

female: 0.7% (2020 est.)

8.8% (2016)

7.836 million Btu/person (2022 est.)

4.9 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

30.2 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

installed generating capacity: 1.668 million kW (2022 est.)

consumption: 7.025 billion kWh (2022 est.)

imports: 326.425 million kWh (2022 est.)

transmission/distribution losses: 1.057 billion kWh (2022 est.)

total: 36 (2023)

by type: general cargo 5, oil tanker 1, other 30

14.4% (2019)

$12.278 billion (2021 est.)
$9.627 billion (2020 est.)
$9.17 billion (2019 est.)

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

$6.78 billion (2021 est.)
$5.063 billion (2020 est.)
$5.836 billion (2019 est.)

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

total subscriptions: 399,000 (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2023 est.)

total: 0.25 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

beer: 0.21 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

wine: 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

spirits: 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

total population: 70.6 years (2024 est.)

male: 68.8 years

female: 72.4 years

4.58% (2023 est.)
3.83% (2022 est.)
6.54% (2021 est.)

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

3.71% (2023 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

total: 906 km (2017) (713 km operational in 2017)

narrow gauge: 906 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge

agriculture: 17.4% (2023 est.)

industry: 24.3% (2023 est.)

services: 49.2% (2023 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

1.46% of GDP (2018 est.)

0% of GDP (2018 est.)

5.5% of GDP (2020 est.)

2.46% (2024 est.)