Kosovo - XK - UNK - KOS - Europe

Last updated: May 07, 2025

Kosovo Images

Kosovo Factbook Data

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Anu PRATTIPATI (since January 2025)

embassy: Arberia/Dragodan, Rr. 4 KORRIKU Nr. 25, Pristina

mailing address: 9520 Pristina Place, Washington DC 20521-9520

telephone: [383] 38-59-59-3000

FAX: [383] 38-604-890

email address and website:
PristinaACS@state.gov

https://xk.usembassy.gov/

Age structure

0-14 years: 22.7% (male 233,010/female 216,304)

15-64 years: 68.9% (male 712,403/female 649,932)

65 years and over: 8.4% (2024 est.) (male 72,579/female 92,865)

This is the population pyramid for Kosovo. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.

For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page.

Geographic coordinates

42 35 N, 21 00 E

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.08 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 1.1 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female

total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Area - comparative

slightly larger than Delaware

slightly larger than Delaware

Background

The Ottoman Empire took control of Kosovo in 1389 after defeating Serbian forces. Large numbers of Turks and Albanians moved to the region, and by the end of the 19th century, Albanians had replaced Serbs as the majority ethnic group in Kosovo. Serbia reacquired control of Kosovo during the First Balkan War of 1912, and after World War II, Kosovo became an autonomous province of Serbia in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). Increasing Albanian nationalism in the 1980s led to riots and calls for Kosovo's independence, but in 1989, Belgrade -- which has in turn served as the capital of Serbia and Yugoslavia -- revoked Kosovo's autonomous status. When the SFRY broke up in 1991, Kosovo Albanian leaders organized an independence referendum, and Belgrade's repressive response led to an insurgency. Kosovo remained part of Serbia, which joined with Montenegro to declare a new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) in 1992.

In 1998, Belgrade launched a brutal counterinsurgency campaign, with some 800,000 ethnic Albanians expelled from their homes in Kosovo. After international mediation failed, a NATO military operation began in March 1999 and forced Belgrade to withdraw its forces from Kosovo. UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999) placed Kosovo under the temporary control of the UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK). Negotiations in 2006-07 ended without agreement between Serbia and Kosovo, though the UN issued a comprehensive report that endorsed independence. On 17 February 2008, the Kosovo Assembly declared Kosovo independent.

Serbia continues to reject Kosovo's independence, but the two countries began EU-facilitated discussions in 2013 to normalize relations, which resulted in several agreements. Additional agreements were reached in 2015 and 2023, but implementation remains incomplete. In 2022, Kosovo formally applied for membership in the EU, which is contingent on fulfillment of accession criteria, and the Council of Europe. Kosovo is also seeking UN and NATO memberships.

Environment - current issues

air pollution from power plants and nearby lignite mines; water scarcity and pollution; land degradation

Military expenditures

1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
1.1% of GDP (2022 est.)
1.1% of GDP (2021 est.)
1% of GDP (2020 est.)
0.8% of GDP (2019 est.)

Population below poverty line

17.6% (2015 est.)

note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 3.8% (2017 est.)

highest 10%: 24.6% (2017 est.)

note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

Exports - commodities

mattress materials, iron alloys, metal piping, scrap iron, building plastics (2021)

top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Exports - partners

United States 16%, Albania 15%, North Macedonia 12%, Germany 8%, Italy 8% (2021)

Administrative divisions

38 municipalities (komunat, singular - komuna (Albanian); opstine, singular - opstina (Serbian)); Decan (Decani), Dragash (Dragas), Ferizaj (Urosevac), Fushe Kosove (Kosovo Polje), Gjakove (Dakovica), Gjilan (Gnjilane), Gllogovc (Glogovac), Gracanice (Gracanica), Hani i Elezit (Deneral Jankovic), Istog (Istok), Junik, Kacanik, Kamenice (Kamenica), Kline (Klina), Kllokot (Klokot), Leposaviq (Leposavic), Lipjan (Lipljan), Malisheve (Malisevo), Mamushe (Mamusa), Mitrovice e Jugut (Juzna Mitrovica) [South Mitrovica], Mitrovice e Veriut (Severna Mitrovica) [North Mitrovica], Novoberde (Novo Brdo), Obiliq (Obilic), Partesh (Partes), Peje (Pec), Podujeve (Podujevo), Prishtine (Pristina), Prizren, Rahovec (Orahovac), Ranillug (Ranilug), Shterpce (Strpce), Shtime (Stimlje), Skenderaj (Srbica), Suhareke (Suva Reka), Viti (Vitina), Vushtrri (Vucitrn), Zubin Potok, Zvecan

Agricultural products

wheat, corn, berries, potatoes, peppers, fruit; dairy, livestock; fish

Military and security forces

Kosovo Security Force (KSF; Forca e Sigurisë së Kosovës or FSK): Land Force, National Guard (2025)

note: the Kosovo Police are under the Ministry of Internal Affairs

Budget

revenues: $1.951 billion (2020 est.)

expenditures: $2.547 billion (2020 est.)

Capital

name: Pristina (Prishtine, Prishtina)

geographic coordinates: 42 40 N, 21 10 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: the town takes its name from the river; the origin of the river's name is unclear but could come from a pre-Slavic language

Imports - commodities

refined petroleum, cars, iron rods, electricity, cigars, packaged medicines (2021)

Climate

influenced by continental air masses resulting in relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns; Mediterranean and alpine influences create regional variation; maximum rainfall between October and December

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Constitution

history: previous 1974, 1990; latest (post-independence) draft finalized 2 April 2008, signed 7 April 2008, ratified 9 April 2008, entered into force 15 June 2008

amendment process: proposed by the government, by the president of the republic, or by one fourth of Assembly deputies; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, including two-thirds majority vote of deputies representing non-majority communities, followed by a favorable Constitutional Court assessment

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar -

Exchange rates:
0.925 (2023 est.)
0.951 (2022 est.)
0.845 (2021 est.)
0.877 (2020 est.)
0.893 (2019 est.)

note: Kosovo, which is neither an EU member state nor a party to a formal EU monetary agreement, uses the euro as its de facto currency

Executive branch

chief of state: President Vjosa OSMANI-Sadriu (since 4 April 2021)

head of government: vacant (since 15 April 2025)

cabinet: Cabinet elected by the Assembly

elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly for a 5-year term; if a candidate does not attain a two-thirds threshold in the first two ballots, the candidate winning a simple majority vote in the third ballot is elected (eligible for a second term); election last held on 3 to 4 April 2021 (next to be held in 2026); prime minister indirectly elected by the Assembly

election results:
2021: Vjosa OSMANI-Sadriu elected president in third ballot; Assembly vote - Vjosa OSMANI-Sadriu (Guxo!) 71 votes; Albin KURTI (LVV) elected prime minister; Assembly vote - 67 for, 30 against

2017: Ramush HARADINAJ (AAK) elected prime minister; Assembly vote - 61 for, 1 abstention, 0 against (opposition boycott)

2016: Hashim THACI elected president in third ballot; Assembly vote - Hashim THACI (PDK) 71 votes

note: Prime Minister Albin KURTI resigned on 15 April 2025; a replacement has not yet been selected

Flag description

centered on a dark blue field is a gold-colored silhouette of Kosovo surmounted by six white, five-pointed stars arrayed in a slight arc; each star represents one of the major ethnic groups of Kosovo: Albanians, Serbs, Turks, Gorani, Roma, and Bosniaks

note: one of only two national flags that uses a map as a design element; the flag of Cyprus is the other

Independence

17 February 2008 (from Serbia)

Industries

mineral mining, construction materials, base metals, leather, machinery, appliances, foodstuffs and beverages, textiles

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 18 judges and organized into Appeals Panel of the Kosovo Property Agency and Special Chamber); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges)

judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the Kosovo Judicial Council, a 13-member independent body staffed by judges and lay members, and also responsible for overall administration of Kosovo's judicial system; judges appointed by the president of the Republic of Kosovo; judges appointed until mandatory retirement age; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the Kosovo Assembly and appointed by the president of the republic to serve single, 9-year terms

subordinate courts: Court of Appeals (organized into 4 departments: General, Serious Crime, Commercial Matters, and Administrative Matters); Basic Court (located in 7 municipalities, each with several branches)

note: in 2015, the Kosovo Assembly approved a constitutional amendment that established the Kosovo Relocated Specialist Judicial Institution, also referred to as the Kosovo Specialist Chambers or "Special Court"; the court, located at the Hague in the Netherlands, began operating in 2016 and has jurisdiction to try crimes against humanity, war crimes, and other crimes under Kosovo law that occurred in the 1998-2000 period

Land boundaries

total: 714 km

border countries (4): Albania 112 km; North Macedonia 160 km; Montenegro 76 km; Serbia 366 km

Land use

agricultural land: 52.8% (2018 est.)

arable land: 27.4% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 23.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 41.7% (2018 est.)

other: 5.5% (2018 est.)

Legal system

civil law system; note - the European Union Rule of Law Mission (EULEX) retained limited executive powers within the Kosovo judiciary for complex cases from 2008 to 2018

Legislative branch

legislature name: Assembly (Kuvendi i Kosoves/Skupstina Kosova)

legislative structure: unicameral

number of seats: 120 (all directly elected)

electoral system: proportional representation

scope of elections: full renewal

term in office: 4 years

most recent election date: 2/14/2021

parties elected and seats per party: Self-Determination Movement (LVV) (58), Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK) (19), Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) (15), Serb List (10), Alliance for the Future of Kosovo (AAK) (8), other (10)

percentage of women in chamber: 34%

expected date of next election: 2025

note: 20 seats reserved for ethnic minorities -- 10 for Serbs and 10 for other minorities

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

International organization participation

FIFA, IBRD, IDA, IFC, IMF, IOC, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OIF (observer)

National holiday

Independence Day, 17 February (2008)

Nationality

noun: Kosovan

adjective: Kosovan

note: Kosovo, a neutral term, is sometimes also used as a noun or adjective as in Kosovo Albanian, Kosovo Serb, Kosovo minority, or Kosovo citizen

Natural resources

nickel, lead, zinc, magnesium, lignite, kaolin, chrome, bauxite

Geography - note

the 41-km long Nerodimka River divides into two branches, each of which flows into a different sea: the northern branch flows into the Sitnica River, which via the Ibar, Morava, and Danube Rivers ultimately flows into the Black Sea; the southern branch flows via the Lepenac and Vardar Rivers into the Aegean Sea

Economic overview

small-but-growing European economy; non-EU member but unilateral euro user; very high unemployment, especially youth; vulnerable reliance on diaspora tourism services, curtailed by COVID-19 disruptions; unclear public loan portfolio health

Political parties

Alliance for the Future of Kosovo or AAK
Ashkali Party for Integration or PAI
Civic Initiative for Freedom, Justice, and Survival
Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK
Democratic Party of Kosovo or PDK
New Democratic Initiative of Kosovo or IRDK
New Democratic Party or NDS
Progressive Movement of Kosovar Roma or LPRK
Romani Initiative
Self-Determination Movement (Lëvizja Vetevendosje or Vetevendosie) or LVV or VV
Serb List or SL
Social Democratic Union or SDU
Turkish Democratic Party of Kosovo or KDTP
Unique Gorani Party or JGP
Vakat Coalition or VAKAT

Railways

total: 437 km (2020)

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Telecommunication systems

general assessment: Kosovo has benefited from financial and regulatory assistance as part of the EU pre-accession process; the telecom sector has been liberalized, and legislation has aligned the sector with the EU’s revised regulatory framework; infrastructure development includes WiMax and other municipal wireless internet services; digitalization of TV broadcasting; network upgrades include a 5G roll-out in the coming years (2022 )

domestic: fixed-line roughly 25 per 100 and mobile-cellular 98 per 100 persons (2022)

international: country code - 383

Terrain

flat fluvial basin at an elevation of 400-700 m above sea level surrounded by several high mountain ranges with elevations of 2,000 to 2,500 m

Government type

parliamentary republic

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Kosovo

conventional short form: Kosovo

local long form: Republika e Kosoves (Albanian)/ Republika Kosovo (Serbian)

local short form: Kosove (Albanian)/ Kosovo (Serbian)

etymology: name may derive from the Serbian word kos, meaning "blackbird," or from a personal name

Location

Southeastern Europe, between Serbia and Macedonia

Map references

Europe

Irrigated land

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Ilir DUGOLLI (since 13 January 2022)

chancery: 3612 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20007

telephone: [1] (202) 450-2130

FAX: [1] (202) 735-0609

email address and website:
embassy.usa@rks-gov.net

U.S. Embassies of the Republic of Kosovo (ambasadat.net)

consulate(s) general: New York

consulate(s): Des Moines (IA)

Internet country code

.xk; note - assigned as a temporary code under UN Security Council resolution 1244/99

Refugees and internally displaced persons

IDPs: 16,000 (primarily ethnic Serbs displaced during the 1998-1999 war fearing reprisals from the majority ethnic-Albanian population; a smaller number of ethnic Serbs, Roma, Ashkali, and Egyptians fled their homes in 2004 as a result of violence) (2022)

note: 9,011 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2023)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$10.468 billion (2023 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

National anthem

name: Europe

lyrics/music: no lyrics/Mendi MENGJIQI

note: adopted 2008; Kosovo chose to exclude lyrics in its anthem so as not to offend the country's minority ethnic groups

This is an audio of the National Anthem for Kosovo. The national anthem is generally a patriotic musical composition - usually in the form of a song or hymn of praise - that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions, or struggles of a nation or its people. National anthems can be officially recognized as a national song by a country's constitution or by an enacted law, or simply by tradition. Although most anthems contain lyrics, some do not.

Major urban areas - population

218,782 PRISTINA (capital) (2020)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

National symbol(s)

six, five-pointed, white stars; national colors: blue, gold, white

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 84.1% (2023 est.)

government consumption: 12.6% (2023 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 31.5% (2023 est.)

investment in inventories: 2.5% (2023 est.)

exports of goods and services: 39.6% (2023 est.)

imports of goods and services: -70.3% (2023 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Kosovo

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Population distribution

population clusters exist throughout the country, the largest being in the east in and around the capital of Pristina

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Ethnic groups

Albanians 92.9%, Bosniaks 1.6%, Serbs 1.5%, Turk 1.1%, Ashkali 0.9%, Egyptian 0.7%, Gorani 0.6%, Romani 0.5%, other/unspecified 0.2% (2011 est.)

note: these estimates may under-represent Serb, Romani, and some other ethnic minorities because they are based on the 2011 Kosovo national census, which excluded northern Kosovo (a largely Serb-inhabited region) and was partially boycotted by Serb and Romani communities in southern Kosovo

Religions

Muslim 95.6%, Roman Catholic 2.2%, Orthodox 1.5%, other 0.1%, none 0.1%, unspecified 0.6% (2011 est.)

note: these estimates may under-represent Serb, Romani, and some other ethnic minorities because they are based on the 2011 Kosovo national census, which excluded northern Kosovo (a largely Serb-inhabited region) and was partially boycotted by Serb and Romani communities in southern Kosovo

Languages

Albanian (official) 94.5%, Bosnian 1.7%, Serbian (official) 1.6%, Turkish 1.1%, other 0.9% (includes Romani), unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s): Libri i fakteve boterore, burimi i pazevendesueshem per informacione elementare (Albanian)

Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

note: these estimates may under-represent Serb, Romani, and other ethnic minority languages because they are based on the 2011 Kosovo national census, which excluded northern Kosovo (a largely Serb-inhabited region) and was partially boycotted by Serb and Romani communities in southern Kosovo

Albanian audio sample

Serbian language sample

Imports - partners

Germany 13%, Turkey 13%, China 10%, Serbia 7%, Italy 6% (2021)

Disputes - international

note: NATO-led Kosovo Force peacekeepers deployed under UN Security Council Resolution 1244 continue to ensure a safe and secure environment and freedom of movement for all Kosovo citizens; in September 2023, KFOR deployed additional forces in the north of Kosovo and increased patrols along the border with Serbia after Kosovo-Serb paramilitaries attacked Kosovo police near the town of Banjska; some of Kosovo’s ethnic Serb minority, most of whom live in the northern regions, view themselves as part of Serbia, and Serbian municipalities along the northern border have challenged the final status of Kosovo-Serbia boundary; some protests have turned violent

Elevation

highest point: Gjeravica/Deravica 2,656 m

lowest point: Drini i Bardhe/Beli Drim (located on the border with Albania) 297 m

mean elevation: 450 m

Physician density

0.2 physicians/1,000 population (2015)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Military service age and obligation

any citizen of Kosovo over the age of 18 is eligible to serve in the Kosovo Security Force; upper age for enlisting is 30 for officers, 25 for other ranks, although these may be waived for recruits with key skills considered essential for the KSF
(2024)

Military - note

the Kosovo Security Force (KSF) was established in 2009 as a small (1,500 personnel), lightly armed disaster response force; the NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR) was charged with assisting in the development of the KSF and bringing it up to standards designated by NATO; the KSF was certified as fully operational by the North Atlantic Council in 2013, indicating the then 2,200-strong KSF was entirely capable of performing the tasks assigned under its mandate, which included non-military security functions that were not appropriate for the police, plus missions such as search and rescue, explosive ordnance disposal, control and clearance of hazardous materials, firefighting, and other humanitarian assistance tasks

in 2019, Kosovo approved legislation that began a process to transition the KSF by 2028 into a professional military (the Kosovo Armed Forces) led by a General Staff and comprised of a Land Force, a National Guard, a Logistics Command, and a Doctrine and Training Command; it would have a strength of up to 5,000 with about 3,000 reserves; at the same time, the KSF’s mission was expanded to include traditional military functions, such as territorial defense and international peacekeeping; the KSF’s first international mission was the deployment of a small force to Kuwait in 2021

the NATO-led KFOR has operated in the country as a peace support force since 1999; in addition to assisting in the development of the KSF, KFOR is responsible for providing a safe and secure environment and ensuring freedom of movement for all citizens; Kosovo regards the US as a key ally and security guarantor, and the US has provided considerable support to the KSF, including equipment and training (2024)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 45.1 (2024 est.)

youth dependency ratio: 33 (2024 est.)

elderly dependency ratio: 12.1 (2024 est.)

potential support ratio: 8.2 (2024 est.)

Military and security service personnel strengths

approximately 3,300 KSF personnel, including about 800 reserves (2024)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the KSF is equipped with small arms and light vehicles and has relied on limited amounts of donated equipment from several countries, particularly Turkey and the US (2024)

Drinking water source

improved:

urban: NA

rural: NA

total: NA

unimproved:

urban: NA

rural: NA

total: NA

Sanitation facility access

improved:

urban: NA

rural: NA

total: NA

unimproved:

urban: NA

rural: NA

total: NA

Internet users

percent of population: 89% (2018 est.)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually: 319,000 tons (2015 est.)

Air pollutants

carbon dioxide emissions: 8.94 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions: 0.54 megatons (2020 est.)

Terrorist group(s)

Terrorist group(s): Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)

note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

Major watersheds (area sq km)

Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)

National heritage

total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural)

selected World Heritage Site locales: Medieval Monuments in Kosovo

Coal

production: 6.924 million metric tons (2023 est.)

consumption: 6.931 million metric tons (2023 est.)

exports: 13,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

imports: 20,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

proven reserves: 1.564 billion metric tons (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources

fossil fuels: 87.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

wind: 6.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

hydroelectricity: 6.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Petroleum

refined petroleum consumption: 16,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

0.9 (2024 est.)

Remittances

17.51% of GDP (2023 est.)
17.24% of GDP (2022 est.)
18.01% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Labor force

500,300 (2017 est.)

note: includes those estimated to be employed in the gray economy

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

total: 48.8% (2020 est.)

male: 44.9%

female: 57.3%

Net migration rate

-0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Median age

total: 32 years (2024 est.)

male: 31.7 years

female: 32.4 years

Debt - external

$829.127 million (2023 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$1.245 billion (2023 est.)
$1.248 billion (2022 est.)
$1.244 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Public debt

21.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.87 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Unemployment rate

30.5% (2017 est.)
27.5% (2016 est.)

note: Kosovo has a large informal sector that may not be reflected in these data

Population

total: 1,977,093 (2024 est.)

male: 1,017,992

female: 959,101

Carbon dioxide emissions

7.444 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke: 5.005 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 2.439 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Area

total : 10,887 sq km

land: 10,887 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Taxes and other revenues

29% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

$23.962 billion (2023 est.)
$23.025 billion (2022 est.)
$22.08 billion (2021 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

Airports

2 (2025)

Infant mortality rate

total: 22.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)

male: 24.2 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 21.5 deaths/1,000 live births

Telephones - mobile cellular

total subscriptions: 1,777,859 (2022 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 98 (2022 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

29 (2017 est.)

note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

4.94% (2023 est.)
11.58% (2022 est.)
3.35% (2021 est.)

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Current account balance

-$785.09 million (2023 est.)
-$983.283 million (2022 est.)
-$818.351 million (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Real GDP per capita

$13,600 (2023 est.)
$13,000 (2022 est.)
$12,400 (2021 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

Energy consumption per capita

52.085 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Death rate

7.2 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Birth rate

14.4 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Electricity

installed generating capacity: 1.555 million kW (2023 est.)

consumption: 6.571 billion kWh (2023 est.)

exports: 2.442 billion kWh (2023 est.)

imports: 3.449 billion kWh (2023 est.)

transmission/distribution losses: 789.167 million kWh (2023 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Imports

$7.362 billion (2023 est.)
$6.661 billion (2022 est.)
$6.128 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports

$4.156 billion (2023 est.)
$3.579 billion (2022 est.)
$3.138 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Heliports

11 (2025)

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 383,763 (2022 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2022 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 73.1 years (2024 est.)

male: 71 years

female: 75.5 years

Real GDP growth rate

4.07% (2023 est.)
4.28% (2022 est.)
10.75% (2021 est.)

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Industrial production growth rate

3.35% (2023 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 7.2% (2023 est.)

industry: 26.3% (2023 est.)

services: 46.6% (2023 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Revenue from forest resources

0% of GDP (2018 est.)

Revenue from coal

0.31% of GDP (2018 est.)

Education expenditures

Population growth rate

0.68% (2024 est.)

Sources: