PKR to ZMK

PKR - Pakistani Rupee (₨)

The Pakistani rupee is the currency of Pakistan. The currency code for the rupee is PKR, and it’s written as ‘Rs’ or روپیہ in Urdu. In Pakistan, the rupee is also sometimes spelled ‘rupees’, ‘rupaya’, ‘rupaye’, or ‘rupiyah’. The modern Pakistani rupee was put into circulation following the dissolution of the British Raj in 1947. It is a fiat currency.

The Rupee is the official currency of Pakistan. The currency is managed by the Bank of Pakistan, the main financial institution of the nation.

The Pakistan Rupee is the currency in Pakistan (PK, PAK). The symbol for PKR can be written Rs. The Pakistan Rupee is divided into 100 paisa. The exchange rate for the Pakistan Rupee was last updated on January 31, 2019 from The International Monetary Fund. The PKR conversion factor has 6 significant digits.

Economy

• The economy of Pakistan has endured decades of domestic political feuds, a fast-growing population, varying levels of overseas investment, and an expensive, ongoing border dispute with India.
• Significant macroeconomic amendments beginning in 2000, in particular privatizing the banking sector, have helped the economy.
• In 2005, the World Bank named Pakistan the top reformer in its area and among the top 20 reformers globally.
• The central financial institution is trying to tighten money policy while still encouraging growth.
• Recurring international worker remittances are helping to build foreign exchange reserves, however the country faces a growing current account deficit due to the high reliance on imports. The increasing trade deficit could draw down these reserves and slow GDP growth in the near future.

History

• The word Rupee is from the Sanskrit word rup or rupa, which means silver in most Indo-Aryan dialects.
• The Pakistani Rupee was put into circulation in 1947, after the nation became independent from British Rule.
• For some time after independence, Pakistan used Indian cash and banknotes with Pakistan stamped on them.
• The current cash and banknotes were issued beginning in 1948. (Seems to contradict the second bullet.)
• Similar to the Indian Rupee, the Pakistan Rupee was originally divided into sixteen annas, each composed of four pice or 12 pie.
• The Pakistan Rupee was decimalized on January 1, 1961 and partitioned into a hundred pice; the name was changed to pais later the same year.

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ZMK - Zambian Kwacha (1968–2012) (ZMK)

Zambian Kwacha (1968–2012)

The Zambian Kwacha is the currency of Zambia, issued by the Bank of Zambia. The name Kwacha derives from the Nyanja and Bemba word for "dawn", alluding to the Zambian nationalist slogan of a "new dawn of freedom".

The Old Zambian Kwacha is the currency in Zambia (ZM, ZMB). The symbol for ZMK can be written ZK. The Old Zambian Kwacha is divided into 100 ngwee. The exchange rate for the Old Zambian Kwacha was last updated on May 24, 2019 from Yahoo Finance. The ZMK conversion factor has 4 significant digits.

Economy

• Zambia's economy has experienced strong growth in recent years, with real GDP growth more than 6% per year since 2005.
• Copper output has increased, thanks to copper mine privatization, higher copper prices and more foreign investment.
• Record high copper prices and a bumper maize crop in 2010 helped Zambia rebound quickly from the world economic slowdown that began in 2008.
• Poverty remains a significant problem in Zambia, despite its stronger economy. Almost 70% of Zambians live below the national poverty line (almost 80% in rural areas).
• Zambia ranks among the world's poorest nations in a variety of economic and social statistics and surveys: GDP per capita, competitiveness, life expectancy, infant mortality, and so on. A high birth rate and relatively high rate of HIV/AIDS put further strain on the economy.

History

• Zambia gained independence from Great Britain in 1964. In 1968, the Zambian Kwacha replaced the Pound at a rate of two Kwacha = 1 Pound.
• Kenneth Kaunda was the first president of Zambia in 1964, and stayed in office until 1991. During his regime, the value of the currency was fixed at a rate of approximately 1.2 Kwacha to 1 US Dollar. Until 1991, all Zambian banknotes featured a portrait of Kaunda on the obverse side (his image was later replaced by an African fish eagle).
• A severe economic crisis stemming from poor government oversight and overspending contributed to high inflation throughout the 1990s and 2000s. By 2006, it took 4,800 Kwacha to buy one US Dollar. The currency has more recently stabilized.

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