ZMK to RSD

RSD - Serbian Dinar (РСД)

Serbian Dinar

The Dinar is the foreign currency used in Serbia since the disintegration of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 2003. Earlier versions of the Serbian Dinar existed prior to World War I and during German occupation in World War II. The earliest use of the term Dinar dates back to 1214.

The Serbian Dinar is the currency in Serbia (RS, SRB). The Serbian Dinar is also known as Serbe Dinar. The exchange rate for the Serbian Dinar was last updated on May 24, 2019 from Yahoo Finance. The RSD conversion factor has 5 significant digits.

Economy

• Serbia’s GDP of ~US$11,079 (PPP) makes it one of the smaller economies in Europe, though globally it is considered an upper-middle economy. GDP Growth has been strong in recent years; its ~8.7% GDP growth in 2008 put Serbia amongst the fastest growing economies in the region.
• Serbia’s rate of unemployment is quite high, reaching 23.7% in February 2012.
• Serbia has a very large trade deficit. Being a landlocked country with very limited natural resources, most necessities are imported from neighboring countries. Serbia has free trade agreements with the European Union, Russia, and Belarus.
• Raspberries are one of the largest exports for the country. Serbia grows and provides nearly 1/3 of the world’s raspberries.
• Serbia is an associate member of the EU.

History

• The first mention of a Serbian Dinar is connected with the reign of Stefan Nemanjić in 1214. Serbian Dinar coins were minted by many of the rulers in the region until the fall of Stefan Lazarević in 1459.
• For the next few centuries, several varying currencies were used in the the Serbian area. The first modern Serbian Dinar coins were minted in 1868, and the first Dinar banknotes were issued in 1876.
• In 1920, following World War I, the Serbian Dinar was replaced by the Yugoslav Dinar (at par).
• Following the German occupation of Yugoslavia, the region was again split into Serbia and Montenegro. At this time, the Yugoslav Dinar was replaced by the Serbian Dinar in 1941, at a rate of 1 Yugoslav Dinar = 20 Serbian Dinars.
• In 1944, the reconstitution of Yugoslavia occurred and the Serbian Dinar was again replaced by the Yugoslav Dinar at the same rate of 1 Yugoslav Dinar = 20 Serbian Dinars.
• In 2003, following the final dissolution of Yugoslavia, the Serbian Dinar became the official currency of Serbia, replacing the Yugoslav Dinar at par.

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ZMK - Zambian Kwacha (1968–2012) (ZMK)

Zambian Kwacha (1968–2012)

The Zambian Kwacha is the currency of Zambia, issued by the Bank of Zambia. The name Kwacha derives from the Nyanja and Bemba word for "dawn", alluding to the Zambian nationalist slogan of a "new dawn of freedom".

The Old Zambian Kwacha is the currency in Zambia (ZM, ZMB). The symbol for ZMK can be written ZK. The Old Zambian Kwacha is divided into 100 ngwee. The exchange rate for the Old Zambian Kwacha was last updated on May 24, 2019 from Yahoo Finance. The ZMK conversion factor has 4 significant digits.

Economy

• Zambia's economy has experienced strong growth in recent years, with real GDP growth more than 6% per year since 2005.
• Copper output has increased, thanks to copper mine privatization, higher copper prices and more foreign investment.
• Record high copper prices and a bumper maize crop in 2010 helped Zambia rebound quickly from the world economic slowdown that began in 2008.
• Poverty remains a significant problem in Zambia, despite its stronger economy. Almost 70% of Zambians live below the national poverty line (almost 80% in rural areas).
• Zambia ranks among the world's poorest nations in a variety of economic and social statistics and surveys: GDP per capita, competitiveness, life expectancy, infant mortality, and so on. A high birth rate and relatively high rate of HIV/AIDS put further strain on the economy.

History

• Zambia gained independence from Great Britain in 1964. In 1968, the Zambian Kwacha replaced the Pound at a rate of two Kwacha = 1 Pound.
• Kenneth Kaunda was the first president of Zambia in 1964, and stayed in office until 1991. During his regime, the value of the currency was fixed at a rate of approximately 1.2 Kwacha to 1 US Dollar. Until 1991, all Zambian banknotes featured a portrait of Kaunda on the obverse side (his image was later replaced by an African fish eagle).
• A severe economic crisis stemming from poor government oversight and overspending contributed to high inflation throughout the 1990s and 2000s. By 2006, it took 4,800 Kwacha to buy one US Dollar. The currency has more recently stabilized.

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