Bahrain - BH - BHR - BHR - Middle East

Last updated: May 07, 2025

Bahrain Images

Walls of the historic Qal'at al-Bahrain (Fortress of Bahrain), which is the largest and most ancient historical site in the country. It was an important center of the Dilmun Civilization (2nd and 1st millennia B.C.); in later periods, it served as a trading and military outpost.
Downtown Manama, Bahrain, is a shopper's paradise.
A mosque near the corner of Al Adliya Avenue and Osama bin Ziad Road in Manama, Bahrain.
Entrance to the National Museum in Manama. The museum displays the history and traditions of Bahrain.
Walls of the historic Qal'at al-Bahrain (Fortress of Bahrain), which is the largest and most ancient historical site in the country. It was an important center of the Dilmun Civilization (2nd and 1st millennia B.C.); in later periods, it served as a trading and military outpost.
Downtown Manama, Bahrain, is a shopper's paradise.

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Bahrain Factbook Data

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Steven C. BONDY (since 9 February 2022)

embassy: Building 979, Road 3119, Block 331, Zinj District, P.O. Box 26431, Manama

mailing address: 6210 Manama Place, Washington DC 20521-6210

telephone: [973] 17-242700

FAX: [973] 17-272594

email address and website:
ManamaConsular@state.gov

https://bh.usembassy.gov/

Age structure

0-14 years: 18.1% (male 143,399/female 139,667)

15-64 years: 77.7% (male 762,190/female 454,616)

65 years and over: 4.3% (2024 est.) (male 34,433/female 32,583)

This is the population pyramid for Bahrain. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.

For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page.

Geographic coordinates

26 00 N, 50 33 E

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 1.68 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 1.06 male(s)/female

total population: 1.5 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Natural hazards

periodic droughts; dust storms

Area - comparative

3.5 times the size of Washington, D.C.

3.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Military service age and obligation

18 years of age for voluntary military service; 18-55 to voluntarily join the reserves; no compulsory service (2024)

Background

In 1783, the Sunni AL-KHALIFA family took power in Bahrain. In order to secure these holdings, it entered into a series of treaties with the UK during the 19th century that made Bahrain a British protectorate. The archipelago attained its independence in 1971. A steady decline in oil production and reserves since 1970 prompted Bahrain to take steps to diversify its economy, in the process developing petroleum processing and refining, aluminum production, and hospitality and retail sectors. It has also endeavored to become a leading regional banking center, especially with respect to Islamic finance. Bahrain's small size, central location among Gulf countries, economic dependence on Saudi Arabia, and proximity to Iran require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. Its foreign policy activities usually fall in line with Saudi Arabia and the UAE. In 2022, the United States designated Bahrain as a major non-NATO ally.

The Sunni royal family has long struggled to manage relations with its Shia-majority population. In 2011, amid Arab uprisings elsewhere in the region, the Bahraini Government responded to similar pro-democracy and reform protests at home with police and military action, including deploying Gulf Cooperation Council security forces. Ongoing dissatisfaction with the political status quo continues to factor into sporadic clashes between demonstrators and security forces. In 2020, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates signed the US-brokered Abraham Accords with Israel. In 2023, Bahrain and the United States signed the Comprehensive Security Integration and Prosperity Agreement to enhance cooperation across a wide range of areas, from defense and security to emerging technology, trade, and investment.

Environment - current issues

desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; lack of freshwater resources; lowered water table leaves aquifers vulnerable to saline contamination

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Military expenditures

3.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
3.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
3.6% of GDP (2021 est.)
4.2% of GDP (2020 est.)
4% of GDP (2019 est.)

Exports - commodities

refined petroleum, aluminum, iron ore, aluminum wire, jewelry (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Exports - partners

UAE 16%, Saudi Arabia 15%, South Africa 8%, USA 6%, India 4% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Administrative divisions

4 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Asimah (Capital), Janubiyah (Southern), Muharraq, Shamaliyah (Northern)

note: each governorate administered by an appointed governor

Agricultural products

lamb/mutton, dates, milk, tomatoes, chicken, eggs, sheep offal, sheepskins, eggplants, chillies/peppers (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Military and security forces

Bahrain Defense Force (BDF): Royal Bahraini Army (includes the Royal Guard), Royal Bahraini Navy, Royal Bahraini Air Force

Ministry of Interior: National Guard, Special Security Forces Command (SSFC), Coast Guard
(2024)

note 1: the Royal Guard is officially under the command of the Army, but exercises considerable autonomy

note 2: the Ministry of Interior is responsible for internal security and oversees police and specialized security units responsible for maintaining internal order; the National Guard's primary mission is to guard critical infrastructure such as the airport and oil fields and is a back-up to the police; the Guard is under the Ministry of Interior but reports directly to the king

Budget

revenues: $5.538 billion (2020 est.)

expenditures: $9.357 billion (2020 est.)

note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Capital

name: Manama

geographic coordinates: 26 14 N, 50 34 E

time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: name derives from the Arabic word al-manama, meaning "place of rest" or "place of dreams"

Imports - commodities

iron ore, aluminum oxide, ships, cars, gold (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Climate

arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers

Coastline

161 km

Constitution

history: previous 1973; latest adopted 14 February 2002, entry into force 14 February 2002

amendment process: proposed by the king or by at least 15 members of either chamber of the National Assembly followed by submission to an Assembly committee for review and, if approved, submitted to the government for restatement as drafts; passage requires a two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both chambers and validation by the king; constitutional articles on the state religion (Islam), state language (Arabic), and the monarchy and "inherited rule" cannot be amended

Exchange rates

Bahraini dinars (BHD) per US dollar -

Exchange rates:
0.376 (2023 est.)
0.376 (2022 est.)
0.376 (2021 est.)
0.376 (2020 est.)
0.376 (2019 est.)

Executive branch

chief of state: King HAMAD bin Isa Al-Khalifa (since 6 March 1999)

head of government: Prime Minister Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad Al-Khalifa (since 11 November 2020)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch

elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch

Flag description

red, the traditional color for flags of Persian Gulf states, with a white serrated band (five white points) on the hoist side; the five points represent the five pillars of Islam

note: until 2002, the flag had eight white points, but this was reduced to five to avoid confusion with the Qatari flag

Independence

15 August 1971 (from the UK)

Industries

petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, iron pelletization, fertilizers, Islamic and offshore banking, insurance, ship repairing, tourism

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Court of Cassation (consists of the chairman and 3 judges); Supreme Court of Appeal (consists of the chairman and 3 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the president and 6 members); High Sharia Court of Appeal (court sittings include the president and at least one judge)

judge selection and term of office: Court of Cassation judges appointed by royal decree and serve for a specified tenure; Constitutional Court president and members appointed by the Higher Judicial Council, a body chaired by the monarch and includes judges from the Court of Cassation, sharia law courts, and Civil High Courts of Appeal; members serve 9-year terms; High Sharia Court of Appeal member appointments by royal decree for a specified tenure

subordinate courts: Civil High Courts of Appeal; middle and lower civil courts; High Sharia Court of Appeal; Senior Sharia Court; Administrative Courts of Appeal; military courts

note: the judiciary of Bahrain is divided into civil law courts and sharia law courts; sharia courts (involving personal status and family law) are further divided into Sunni Muslim and Shia Muslim; the Courts are supervised by the Supreme Judicial Council.

Land boundaries

total: 0 km

Land use

agricultural land: 10.3% (2022 est.)

arable land: 2.7% (2022 est.)

permanent crops: 2.5% (2022 est.)

permanent pasture: 5.1% (2022 est.)

forest: 0.9% (2022 est.)

other: 88.8% (2022 est.)

Legal system

mixed legal system of Islamic (sharia) law, English common law, Egyptian civil, criminal, and commercial codes; customary law

Legislative branch

legislature name: National Assembly (Al-Majlis Al-Watani)

legislative structure: bicameral

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 97.5%

male: 99.9%

female: 94.9% (2018)

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

continental shelf: extending to boundaries to be determined

International organization participation

ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CICA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

National holiday

National Day, 16 December (1971); note - 15 August 1971 was the date of independence from the UK, 16 December 1971 was the date of independence from British protection

Nationality

noun: Bahraini(s)

adjective: Bahraini

Natural resources

oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls

Geography - note

close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf, through which much of the Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean

Economic overview

high-income, growing Middle Eastern island economy; oil and aluminum exporter with diversification led by services, construction and manufacturing; regional finance and tourism hub; high public debt linked to oil revenue dependence and limited tax base; vulnerable to water reservoir depletion

Political parties

note: political parties are prohibited, but political societies were legalized under a July 2005 law

Suffrage

20 years of age; universal

Telecommunication systems

general assessment: Bahrain continues to develop its telecoms sector in a bid to develop its long-term Economic Vision 2030 strategy; this is a multi-faceted strategy aimed at developing a digital transformation across numerous sectors, including e-government, e-health, e-commerce, and e-banking; 5G services have become widely available since they were launched in 2020; Bahrain’s telecom sector by the Fourth National Telecommunications Plan (initiated in 2016) which focuses on fiber optic infrastructure deployment and establishing affordable prices for high-speed access (2022)

domestic: approximately 18 per 100 fixed-line and 131 per 100 mobile-cellular; modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly expanding mobile-cellular telephones (2021)

international: country code - 973; Bahrain’s Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) has made part of the C-band spectrum available for 5G private networks, in line with the goals outlined in its Workplan for the 2022-23 period (2023)

Terrain

mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment

Government type

constitutional monarchy

Country name

conventional long form: Kingdom of Bahrain

conventional short form: Bahrain

local long form: Mamlakat al Bahrayn

local short form: Al Bahrayn

former: Dilmun, Tylos, Awal, Mishmahig, Bahrayn, State of Bahrain

etymology: the name means "the two seas" in Arabic and refers to the water bodies on each side of the archipelago

Location

Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia

Map references

Middle East

Irrigated land

40 sq km (2012)

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Abdulla bin Rashed AL KHALIFA (since 21 July 2017)

chancery: 3502 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone: [1] (202) 342-1111

FAX: [1] (202) 362-2192

email address and website:
ambsecretary@bahrainembassy.org

https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?language=en-US&tabid=7702

consulate(s) general: New York

Internet users

percent of population: 100% (2023 est.)

Internet country code

.bh

GDP (official exchange rate)

$46.08 billion (2023 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Credit ratings

Fitch rating: B+ (2020)

Moody's rating: B2 (2018)

Standard & Poors rating: B+ (2017)

note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.

Total renewable water resources

120 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 89.9% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Broadcast media

state-run Bahrain Radio and Television Corporation (BRTC) operates 6 terrestrial TV networks and several radio stations; satellite TV systems provide access to international broadcasts; 1 private FM station directs broadcasts to Indian listeners; radio and TV broadcasts from countries in the region are available (2023)

Drinking water source

improved:

urban: NA

rural: NA

total: 100% of population

unimproved:

urban: NA

rural: NA

total: 0% of population (2020 est.)

National anthem

name: "Bahrainona" (Our Bahrain)

lyrics/music: unknown

note: adopted 1971; although Mohamed Sudqi AYYASH wrote the original lyrics, they were changed in 2002 following the transformation of Bahrain from an emirate to a kingdom

This is an audio of the National Anthem for Bahrain. The national anthem is generally a patriotic musical composition - usually in the form of a song or hymn of praise - that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions, or struggles of a nation or its people. National anthems can be officially recognized as a national song by a country's constitution or by an enacted law, or simply by tradition. Although most anthems contain lyrics, some do not.

Major urban areas - population

709,000 MANAMA (capital) (2023)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Physician density

0.74 physicians/1,000 population (2020)

Hospital bed density

1.7 beds/1,000 population (2017)

National symbol(s)

a red field surmounted by a white serrated band with five white points; national colors: red, white

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 39.1% (2023 est.)

government consumption: 14.6% (2023 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 27.6% (2023 est.)

investment in inventories: 1.4% (2023 est.)

exports of goods and services: 87.6% (2023 est.)

imports of goods and services: -70.3% (2023 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 28.8 (2024 est.)

youth dependency ratio: 23.3 (2024 est.)

elderly dependency ratio: 5.5 (2024 est.)

potential support ratio: 18.2 (2024 est.)

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Bahrain

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 25 years; 15 years for Arab nationals

Population distribution

smallest population of the Gulf States, but urbanization rate exceeds 90%; largest settlement concentration is found on the far northern end of the island in and around Manamah and Al Muharraq

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

A9C

Sanitation facility access

improved:

urban: NA

rural: NA

total: 100% of population

unimproved:

urban: NA

rural: NA

total: 0% of population (2020 est.)

Ethnic groups

Bahraini 47.4%, Asian 43.4%, other Arab 4.9%, African 1.4%, North American 1.1%, Gulf Co-operative countries 0.9%, European 0.8%, other 0.1% (2020 est.)

Religions

Muslim 74.2%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Hindu, Baha'i) 25.8% (2020 est.)

Languages

Arabic (official), English, Farsi, Urdu

major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Arabic audio sample

Imports - partners

China 13%, Saudi Arabia 12%, UAE 11%, Brazil 8%, Australia 7% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 16 years

male: 16 years

female: 17 years (2019)

Elevation

highest point: Jabal ad Dukhan 135 m

lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Current health expenditure

4.3% of GDP (2021)

Military - note

the BDF is a small, but well-equipped military focused on territorial defense and support to internal security; its primary concern is Iran, both the conventional military threat and Tehran's support to regional terrorist groups; the BDF participates in multinational exercises and has conducted small deployments outside of the country; in 2015, for example, Bahrain joined the Saudi Arabia-led military intervention in Yemen, supplying a few hundred troops and combat aircraft

Bahrain’s closest security partners are the US and Saudi Arabia; it hosts the US Naval Forces Central Command (USNAVCENT; established 1983), which includes the US 5^th Fleet, several subordinate naval task forces, and the Combined Maritime Forces (established 2002), a coalition of more than 30 nations providing maritime security for regional shipping lanes; in 2003, the US granted Bahrain Major Non-NATO Ally status, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; Bahraini leaders have said that the security of Bahrain and Saudi Arabia are “indivisible”; Saudi Arabia sent forces to Bahrain to assist with internal security following the 2011 uprising; Bahrain also has close security ties to other Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, particularly Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates, as well as the UK; it is a member of the Peninsula Shield Forces, a joint military force established by the GCC countries with the aim of maintaining security and stability in the region (2024)

Military and security service personnel strengths

information varies; approximately 10,000 active BDF personnel; approximately 3,000 National Guard (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the military's inventory consists of a mix of equipment acquired from a wide variety of suppliers; in recent years, the US has been the leading supplier of arms to Bahrain (2024)

Terrorist group(s)

Terrorist group(s): al-Ashtar Brigades; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force

note 1: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

note 2: in addition to the al-Ashtar Brigades and the IRGC/Qods Force, Saraya al-Mukhtar (aka The Mukhtar Brigade) is an Iran-backed terrorist organization based in Bahrain, reportedly receiving financial and logistic support from the IRGC; Saraya al-Mukhtar's self-described goal is to depose the Bahraini Government with the intention of paving the way for Iran to exert greater influence in Bahrain; the group was designated by the US as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist in Dec 2020

Total water withdrawal

municipal: 280 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

industrial: 10 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

agricultural: 140 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually: 951,943 tons (2016 est.)

municipal solid waste recycled annually: 76,155 tons (2012 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 8% (2012 est.)

Average household expenditures

on food: 13.6% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

on alcohol and tobacco: 0.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Air pollutants

particulate matter emissions: 51.82 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

carbon dioxide emissions: 31.69 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions: 15.47 megatons (2020 est.)

National heritage

total World Heritage Sites: 3 (all cultural)

selected World Heritage Site locales: Dilmun Burial Mounds; Qal'at al-Bahrain – Ancient Harbor and Capital of Dilmun; Bahrain Pearling Path

Major aquifers

Arabian Aquifer System

Coal

exports: 600 metric tons (2023 est.)

imports: 300 metric tons (2023 est.)

Electricity generation sources

fossil fuels: 99.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Natural gas

production: 19.55 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

consumption: 19.878 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

imports: 81.98 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

proven reserves: 81.383 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Petroleum

total petroleum production: 190,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 72,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

crude oil estimated reserves: 186.5 million barrels (2021 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

0.81 (2024 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

43.8% (2023 est.)

Space program overview

space program in nascent stages and is focused on developing the capabilities to build and operate satellites; the NSSA’s mission includes promoting space science, technology, and research, building capacity in the fields of satellite manufacturing, tracking, control, data processing and analysis, and remote sensing, developing space-related programs and space policy, and facilitating international cooperation; cooperates with a variety of foreign agencies and commercial entities, including those of India, Italy, Japan, Saudi Arabia, the UK, the UAE, and the US; also a member of the Arab Space Coordination Group, established by the UAE in 2019 (2024)

note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide

Space agency/agencies

Bahrain National Space Science Agency (NSSA; established 2014) (2024)

Ports

total ports: 4 (2024)

large: 0

medium: 3

small: 1

very small: 0

ports with oil terminals: 1

key ports: Al Manamah, Khalifa Bin Salman, Mina Salman, Sitrah

Remittances

0% of GDP (2023 est.)
0% of GDP (2022 est.)
0% of GDP (2021 est.)

Legislative branch - lower chamber

chamber name: Council of Representatives (Majlis Al-Nuwab)

number of seats: 40 (all directly elected)

electoral system: plurality/majority

scope of elections: full renewal

term in office: 4 years

most recent election date: 11/12/2022 to 11/19/2022

percentage of women in chamber: 20%

expected date of next election: November 2026

Legislative branch - upper chamber

chamber name: Shura Council (Majlis Al-Shura)

number of seats: 40 (all appointed)

scope of elections: full renewal

term in office: 4 years

most recent election date: 11/27/2022

percentage of women in chamber: 25%

expected date of next election: November 2026

Labor force

918,000 (2023 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

total: 5.8% (2023 est.)

male: 2.9% (2023 est.)

female: 12.5% (2023 est.)

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Net migration rate

-1.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Median age

total: 33.4 years (2024 est.)

male: 34.6 years

female: 31.2 years

Maternal mortality ratio

16 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$5.118 billion (2023 est.)
$4.775 billion (2022 est.)
$4.993 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Public debt

111.6% of GDP (2020 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.65 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Unemployment rate

1.16% (2023 est.)
1.33% (2022 est.)
1.55% (2021 est.)

note: % of labor force seeking employment

Population

total: 1,566,888 (2024 est.)

male: 940,022

female: 626,866

Carbon dioxide emissions

47.818 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke: -1,401 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 8.825 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from consumed natural gas: 38.995 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Area

total : 760 sq km

land: 760 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Taxes and other revenues

2.82% (of GDP) (2020 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

$90.228 billion (2023 est.)
$87.617 billion (2022 est.)
$82.672 billion (2021 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

Airports

3 (2025)

Infant mortality rate

total: 9.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)

male: 11.3 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 8 deaths/1,000 live births

Telephones - mobile cellular

total subscriptions: 2.42 million (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 145 (2022 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

0.07% (2023 est.)
3.63% (2022 est.)
-0.61% (2021 est.)

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Current account balance

$2.699 billion (2023 est.)
$6.839 billion (2022 est.)
$2.602 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Real GDP per capita

$57,200 (2023 est.)
$57,500 (2022 est.)
$55,000 (2021 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

total: 268,000 (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 17 (2023 est.)

Tobacco use

total: 14.9% (2020 est.)

male: 25.3% (2020 est.)

female: 4.5% (2020 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

29.8% (2016)

Energy consumption per capita

554.202 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Death rate

2.8 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Birth rate

12.2 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Electricity

installed generating capacity: 7.031 million kW (2023 est.)

consumption: 35.09 billion kWh (2023 est.)

exports: 467.898 million kWh (2023 est.)

imports: 480.883 million kWh (2023 est.)

transmission/distribution losses: 1.093 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Merchant marine

total: 184 (2023)

by type: general cargo 12, oil tanker 3, other 169

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Imports

$32.374 billion (2023 est.)
$33.066 billion (2022 est.)
$27.996 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports

$40.344 billion (2023 est.)
$44.58 billion (2022 est.)
$35.653 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Heliports

8 (2025)

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 246,000 (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 16 (2023 est.)

Alcohol consumption per capita

total: 1.18 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

beer: 0.4 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

wine: 0.11 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

spirits: 0.66 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

other alcohols: 0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 80.4 years (2024 est.)

male: 78.1 years

female: 82.7 years

Real GDP growth rate

2.98% (2023 est.)
5.98% (2022 est.)
2.59% (2021 est.)

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Industrial production growth rate

-0.35% (2023 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 0.3% (2023 est.)

industry: 44% (2023 est.)

services: 51.8% (2023 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Revenue from forest resources

0% of GDP (2018 est.)

Revenue from coal

0% of GDP (2018 est.)

Education expenditures

2.2% of GDP (2020 est.)

Population growth rate

0.82% (2024 est.)

Sources: