Slovenia - SI - SVN - SLO - Europe

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Melania ARREAGA (since 31 July 2024)

embassy: Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana

mailing address: 7140 Ljubljana Place, Washington, DC 20521-7140

telephone: [386] (1) 200-5500

FAX: [386] (1) 200-5555

email address and website:
LjubljanaACS@state.gov

https://si.usembassy.gov/

0-14 years: 14.3% (male 153,852/female 146,628)

15-64 years: 62.5% (male 683,573/female 627,788)

65 years and over: 23.2% (2024 est.) (male 213,619/female 272,433)

46 07 N, 14 49 E

at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female

total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

flooding; earthquakes

slightly smaller than New Jersey

18-30 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; must be a citizen of the Republic of Slovenia; recruits sign up for 3-, 5-, or 10-year service contracts; conscription abolished in 2003 (2023)

note: as of 2023, women comprised about 16% of the military's full-time personnel

The Slovene lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the latter's dissolution at the end of World War I. In 1918, Slovenia became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which was renamed Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II, Slovenia joined Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia as one of the constituent republics in the new Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). In 1990, Slovenia held its first multiparty elections, as well as a referendum on independence. Serbia responded with an economic blockade and military action, but after a short 10-day war, Slovenia declared independence in 1991. Slovenia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004; it joined the euro zone and the Schengen Area in 2007.

air pollution from road traffic, domestic heating (wood buring), power generation, and industry; water pollution; biodiversity protection

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

1.3% of GDP (2024 est.)
1.3% of GDP (2023)
1.3% of GDP (2022)
1.2% of GDP (2021)
1% of GDP (2020)

12.7% (2022 est.)

note: % of population with income below national poverty line

lowest 10%: 4.2% (2021 est.)

highest 10%: 20.6% (2021 est.)

note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

packaged medicine, cars, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, plastic products (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Switzerland 22%, Germany 12%, Italy 10%, Croatia 8%, Austria 6% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

200 municipalities (obcine, singular - obcina) and 12 urban municipalities (mestne obcine, singular - mestna obcina)

municipalities: Ajdovscina, Ankaran, Apace, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Cirkulane, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik/Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gorje, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola/Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal ob Soci, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Kosanjevica na Krki, Kostel, Kozje, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava/Lendva, Litija, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Log-Dragomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Makole, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Mokronog-Trebelno, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran/Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Poljcane, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Recica ob Savinji, Rence-Vogrsko, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogaska Slatina, Rogasovci, Rogatec, Ruse, Salovci, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur, Sentrupert, Sevnica, Sezana, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smarjeske Toplice, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sostanj, Sredisce ob Dravi, Starse, Store, Straza, Sveta Ana, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici, Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Tomaz, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zrece, Zuzemberk

urban municipalities: Celje, Koper, Kranj, Krsko, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, Velenje

milk, maize, wheat, barley, grapes, chicken, potatoes, beef, apples, pork (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska, SV): structured as a combined force with air, land, maritime, and special operations components

Ministry of Interior: National Police (2025)

revenues: $23.529 billion (2022 est.)

expenditures: $24.369 billion (2022 est.)

note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

name: Ljubljana

geographic coordinates: 46 03 N, 14 31 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: by tradition, the name is related to the Slovene word ljubljena, meaning "beloved," but the origin is probably pre-Slavic and remains obscure

nitrogen compounds, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, cars, vaccines (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east

46.6 km

history: previous 1974 (pre-independence); latest passed by Parliament 23 December 1991

amendment process: proposed by at least 20 National Assembly members, by the government, or by petition of at least 30,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; referendum required if agreed upon by at least 30 Assembly members; passage in a referendum requires participation of a majority of eligible voters and a simple majority of votes cast

euros (EUR) per US dollar -

Exchange rates:
0.925 (2023 est.)
0.95 (2022 est.)
0.845 (2021 est.)
0.876 (2020 est.)
0.893 (2019 est.)

chief of state: President Natasa PIRC MUSAR (since 23 December 2022)

head of government: Prime Minister Robert GOLOB (since 1 June 2022)

cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly

elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term); election last held on 23 October 2022 with a runoff on 13 November 2022 (next to be held in 2027); following National Assembly elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually nominated prime minister by the president and elected by the National Assembly

election results:
2022: Natasa PIRC MUSAR elected president in second round: percent of vote in first round - Anze LOGAR (SDS) 34%, Natasa PIRC MUSAR (independent) 26.9%, Milan BRGLEZ (SD) 15.5%, Vladimir PREBILIC (independent) 10.6%, Sabina SENCAR (Resni.ca) 5.9%, Janez CIGLER KRALJ (NSi) 4.4%, other 2.7%; percent of vote in second round - Natasa PIRC MUSAR 53.9%, Anze LOGAR 46.1%; Robert GOLOB (GS) elected prime minister on 25 May 2022, National Assembly vote - 54-30

2017: Borut PAHOR reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Borut PAHOR (independent) 47.1%, Marjan SAREC (Marjan Sarec List) 25%, Romana TOMC (SDS) 13.7%, Ljudmila NOVAK (NSi) 7.2%, other 7%; percent of vote in second round - Borut PAHOR 52.9%, Marjan SAREC 47.1%

three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red, derive from the medieval coat of arms of the Duchy of Carniola; the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav, Slovenia's highest peak, in white against a blue background at the center; beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and above it are three six-pointed stars arranged in an inverted triangle, which are taken from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje, the prominent Slovene dynastic house of the late 14th and early 15th centuries) appears in the upper hoist side of the flag centered on the white and blue bands

minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals

25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks, automobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 37 judges organized into civil, criminal, commercial, labor and social security, administrative, and registry departments); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges)

judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by the National Assembly on the proposal of the Minister of Justice, based on the opinions of the Judicial Council, an 11-member independent body elected by the National Assembly from proposals submitted by the president, attorneys, law universities, and sitting judges; other Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly from candidates proposed by the Judicial Council; Supreme Court judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly from nominations by the president of the republic; Constitutional Court president selected from among its own membership for a 3-year term; other judges elected for single 9-year terms

subordinate courts: county, district, regional, and high courts; specialized labor-related and social courts; Court of Audit; Administrative Court

total: 1,211 km

border countries (4): Austria 299 km; Croatia 600 km; Hungary 94 km; Italy 218 km

agricultural land: 30.3% (2022 est.)

arable land: 8.9% (2022 est.)

permanent crops: 2.7% (2022 est.)

permanent pasture: 18.8% (2022 est.)

forest: 61.3% (2022 est.)

other: 8.4% (2022 est.)

civil law system

legislative structure: bicameral

definition: NA

total population: 99.7%

male: 99.7%

female: 99.7% (2015)

territorial sea: 12 nm

Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)

noun: Slovene(s)

adjective: Slovenian

lignite, lead, zinc, building stone, hydropower, forests

despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes

high-income, EU and eurozone member economy; high per-capita income and low inequality; key exports in automotive and pharmaceuticals; tight labor market with low unemployment; growth supported by EU funds and reconstruction from 2023 floods; pressures over public sector wage demands

Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS 
Freedom Movement or GS (formerly Greens Actions Party or Z.DEJ)
List of Marjan Sarec or LMS 
New Slovenia - Christian Democrats or NSi 
Party of Alenka Bratusek or SAB (formerly Alliance of Social Liberal Democrats or ZSD and before that Alliance of Alenka Bratusek or ZaAB)
Resni.ca 
Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS (formerly the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia or SDSS)
Slovenian National Party or SNS 
Social Democrats or SD
The Left or Levica (successor to United Left or ZL)

total: 1,207 km (2020) 609 km electrified

18 years of age; universal

general assessment: Slovenia’s telecom sector is dominated by four operators; the mobile market has four MNOs and a small number of MVNOs, operating in a country with a potential market of just over two million people; the regulator in recent years has addressed the need for mobile operators to have more spectrum, so enabling them to improve the quality and range of services; a multi-spectrum auction was concluded in mid-2021, aimed at supporting 5G services; the broadband market continues to be dominated by a small number of players; DSL lost its dominance some years ago, being taken over by fiber as subscribers are migrated to new fiber-based networks; fiber accounted for almost half of all fixed broadband connections by March 2022 (2022)

domestic: fixed-line is 32 per 100 and mobile-cellular is 126 per 100 teledensity (2022)

international: country code - 386 (2016)

a short southwestern coastal strip of Karst topography on the Adriatic; an alpine mountain region lies adjacent to Italy and Austria in the north; mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east

parliamentary republic

conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia

conventional short form: Slovenia

local long form: Republika Slovenija

local short form: Slovenija

former: People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia

etymology: the country's name means "Land of the Slavs" in Slovene; the origin of the Slav name is unclear, although early forms were used in Medieval Latin (Sclavus) and Byzantine Greek (Sklabos)

south Central Europe, Julian Alps between Austria and Croatia

Europe

50 sq km (2022)

chief of mission: Ambassador Iztok MIROŠIČ (since 15 September 2023)

chancery: 2410 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone: [1] (202) 386-6611

FAX: [1] (202) 386-6633

email address and website:
sloembassy.washington@gov.si

http://www.washington.embassy.si/

consulate(s) general: Cleveland (OH)

percent of population: 90% (2023 est.)

.si

refugees (country of origin): 11,035 (Ukraine) (as of 1 March 2024)

stateless persons: 10 (2020)

note:  634,128 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-February 2024)

$69.148 billion (2023 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Fitch rating: A (2019)

Moody's rating: A3 (2020)

Standard & Poors rating: AA- (2019)

note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.

31.87 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

total: 18 years

male: 17 years

female: 18 years (2020)

urban population: 56.1% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

public TV broadcaster, Radiotelevizija Slovenija (RTV), operates a system of national and regional TV stations; 35 domestic commercial TV stations operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 60% of households are connected to multi-channel cable TV; public radio broadcaster operates 3 national and 4 regional stations; more than 75 regional and local commercial and non-commercial radio stations

improved:

urban: NA

total: 99.5% of population

unimproved:

urban: NA

rural: NA

total: 0.5% of population (2020 est.)

name: "Zdravljica" (A Toast)

lyrics/music: France PRESEREN/Stanko PREMRL

note: adopted in 1989 while still part of Yugoslavia; originally written in 1848; the full poem, whose seventh verse is used as the anthem, speaks of pan-Slavic nationalism

286,000 LJUBLJANA (capital) (2018)

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

3.37 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

4.4 beds/1,000 population (2018)

Mount Triglav; national colors: white, blue, red

29 years (2020 est.)

household consumption: 52.3% (2023 est.)

government consumption: 19.2% (2023 est.)

investment in fixed capital: 21.3% (2023 est.)

investment in inventories: 0.9% (2023 est.)

exports of goods and services: 83.3% (2023 est.)

imports of goods and services: -76.8% (2023 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

total dependency ratio: 58.5 (2024 est.)

youth dependency ratio: 22.8 (2024 est.)

elderly dependency ratio: 35.7 (2024 est.)

potential support ratio: 2.8 (2024 est.)

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Slovenia; both parents if the child is born outside of Slovenia

dual citizenship recognized: yes, for select cases

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years, the last 5 of which have been continuous

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest exhibit less density than elsewhere

electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)

S5

improved:

urban: NA

rural: NA

total: 99% of population

unimproved:

urban: NA

rural: NA

total: 1% of population (2020 est.)

Slovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or unspecified 12% (2002 est.)

Catholic 69%, Orthodox 4%, Muslim 3%, Christian 1%, other 3%, atheist 14%, non-believer/agnostic 4%, refused to answer 2% (2019 est.)

Slovene (official) 87.7%, Croatian 2.8%, Serbo-Croatian 1.8%, Bosnian 1.6%, Serbian 1.6%, Hungarian 0.4% (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian nationals reside), Italian 0.2% (official, only in municipalities where Italian nationals reside), other or unspecified 3.9% (2002 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Svetovni informativni zvezek - neobhoden vir osnovnih informacij. (Slovene)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Switzerland 17%, China 15%, Germany 11%, Italy 9%, Austria 6% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

highest point: Triglav 2,864 m

lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m

mean elevation: 492 m

NA

8.8% of GDP (2022)

the Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska or SV) are responsible for the defense of the country’s sovereignty and territory, deterring external threats, and contributing to European security and other international peacekeeping missions; the SV is also active in civil-military cooperation, such as the maintenance of local infrastructure; Slovenia has been a member of the EU and NATO since 2004, and one of the SV’s key missions is fulfilling the country’s commitments to NATO, including equipment modernization, participating in training exercises, and contributing to NATO operations; the SV provides troops to NATO’s efforts to enhance its presence in the Baltics (Latvia) and Eastern Europe (Slovakia); it has also participated in other international security missions with small numbers of personnel in such places as Africa, southern Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Middle East; because the SV air component has no fighter aircraft, NATO allies Hungary and Italy provide air policing for Slovenia

the SV was formally established in 1993 as a reorganization of the Slovenia Defense Force; the Defense Force, along with the Slovenian police, comprised the majority of the forces that engaged with the Yugoslav People’s Army during the 10-Day War after Slovenia declared its independence in 1991 (2024)

approximately 6,000 active-duty troops (2024)

the military's inventory is a mix of Soviet-era and smaller quantities of more modern, mostly Western equipment; in recent years, Slovenia has begun a modernization program and imported growing amounts of NATO-standard European and US equipment (2024)

100 Kosovo (NATO); 100 Slovakia (NATO) (2024)

note: in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Slovenia, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe

municipal: 170 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

industrial: 830 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

agricultural: 3.9 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

municipal solid waste generated annually: 926,000 tons (2015 est.)

municipal solid waste recycled annually: 430,034 tons (2015 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 46.4% (2015 est.)

on food: 13.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

on alcohol and tobacco: 4.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

particulate matter emissions: 14.08 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

carbon dioxide emissions: 12.63 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions: 2.1 megatons (2020 est.)

Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)

total World Heritage Sites: 5 (3 cultural, 2 natural)

selected World Heritage Site locales: Škocjan Caves (n); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe (n); Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps (c); Heritage of Mercury: Almadén and Idrija (c); The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana (c)

production: 2.44 million metric tons (2023 est.)

consumption: 2.309 million metric tons (2023 est.)

exports: 2,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

imports: 866,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

proven reserves: 95 million metric tons (2023 est.)

fossil fuels: 24.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

nuclear: 35.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

solar: 6.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

hydroelectricity: 31.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

biomass and waste: 2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

production: 4.014 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

consumption: 811.395 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

exports: 11.387 million cubic meters (2018 est.)

imports: 810.948 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

total petroleum production: 4 bbl/day (2021 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 44,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)

0.79 (2024 est.)

46.4% (2023 est.)

1.34% of GDP (2023 est.)
1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
1.34% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 1 (2025)

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 0.7GW (2025 est.)

Percent of total electricity production: 36.8% (2023 est.)

total global geoparks and regional networks: 2

global geoparks and regional networks: Idrija; Karawanken / Karavanke (includes Austria) (2023)

total ports: 2 (2024)

large: 0

medium: 0

small: 1

very small: 1

ports with oil terminals: 0

key ports: Koper, Piran

chamber name: National Assembly (Drzavni Zbor)

number of seats: 90 (all directly elected)

electoral system: proportional representation

scope of elections: full renewal

term in office: 4 years

most recent election date: 4/24/2022

parties elected and seats per party: Freedom Movement (SVOBODA) (41); Slovenian Democratic Party (SDS) (27); New Slovenia - Christian Democrats (NSi) (8); Social Democrats (SD) (7); Left (LEVICA) (5); Other (2)

percentage of women in chamber: 35.6%

expected date of next election: April 2026

chamber name: National Council (Drzavni Svet)

number of seats: 40 (all indirectly elected)

scope of elections: full renewal

term in office: 5 years

most recent election date: 11/23/2022 to 11/24/2022

percentage of women in chamber: 17.5%

expected date of next election: November 2027

note: the National Council is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers

1.056 million (2023 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

total: 9.9% (2023 est.)

male: 9.9% (2023 est.)

female: 9.9% (2023 est.)

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

total: 46.3 years (2024 est.)

male: 45 years

female: 47.9 years

5 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

$2.37 billion (2023 est.)
$2.268 billion (2022 est.)
$2.267 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

73.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the central, state, local government, and social security funds

1.6 children born/woman (2024 est.)

3.63% (2023 est.)
4.01% (2022 est.)
4.75% (2021 est.)

note: % of labor force seeking employment

total: 2,097,893 (2024 est.)

male: 1,051,044

female: 1,046,849

10.772 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.706 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from petroleum and other liquids: 6.521 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

from consumed natural gas: 1.545 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

total : 20,273 sq km

land: 20,151 sq km

water: 122 sq km

18.18% (of GDP) (2022 est.)

note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

$102.299 billion (2023 est.)
$100.183 billion (2022 est.)
$97.55 billion (2021 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

42 (2025)

total: 1.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)

male: 1.6 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 1.4 deaths/1,000 live births

total subscriptions: 2.73 million (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 126 (2022 est.)

24.3 (2021 est.)

note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

7.45% (2023 est.)
8.83% (2022 est.)
1.92% (2021 est.)

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

$3.093 billion (2023 est.)
-$617.374 million (2022 est.)
$2.073 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

$48,200 (2023 est.)
$47,400 (2022 est.)
$46,300 (2021 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

total: 683,000 (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 32 (2023 est.)

total: 22% (2020 est.)

male: 24.4% (2020 est.)

female: 19.6% (2020 est.)

20.2% (2016)

104.502 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

10.5 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

8 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

installed generating capacity: 4.739 million kW (2023 est.)

consumption: 12.953 billion kWh (2023 est.)

exports: 10.62 billion kWh (2023 est.)

imports: 9.114 billion kWh (2023 est.)

transmission/distribution losses: 774.138 million kWh (2023 est.)

total: 8 (2023)

by type: other 8

NA

$53.309 billion (2023 est.)
$55.158 billion (2022 est.)
$47.997 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

$57.66 billion (2023 est.)
$56.51 billion (2022 est.)
$51.662 billion (2021 est.)

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

4 (2025)

total subscriptions: 647,000 (2023 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2023 est.)

total: 11.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

beer: 4.54 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

wine: 5.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

spirits: 1.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

total population: 82.2 years (2024 est.)

male: 79.4 years

female: 85.2 years

2.11% (2023 est.)
2.7% (2022 est.)
8.23% (2021 est.)

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

5.58% (2023 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

agriculture: 1.5% (2023 est.)

industry: 29.7% (2023 est.)

services: 57.7% (2023 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

0.2% of GDP (2018 est.)

0.03% of GDP (2018 est.)

5.8% of GDP (2020 est.)

-0.1% (2024 est.)